High-Gravity-Assisted Green Synthesis of NiO-NPs Anchored on the Surface of Biodegradable Nanobeads with Potential Biomedical Applications

Abstract

Here, an unprecedented synthesis method for nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO-NPs) was facilitated using Salvia hispanica leaf extracts with the assistance of a high gravity rotating packed bed (RPB) system that enabled fast mass transfer and molecular mixing. The synthesized nanoparticles were anchored on the surface of biodegradable chitosan nanobeads and their photocatalytic activity was evaluated by the degradation of methylene blue. Additionally, the potential biological activities of NiO-NPs in terms of antibacterial (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli for 24 hours), cytotoxicity (using the PC12 cell line for 24 and 72 hours), and antioxidant activities (based on the discoloration of the methanolic solution of DPPH) were assessed. This novel approach for NiO-NPs@Chitosan synthesis as mediated by a renewable plant extract and facilitated by a high-gravity method, led to the greener synthesis of nanoparticles with significant antibacterial and photocatalytic properties.

Multifunctional 3D Hierarchical Bioactive Green Carbon-Based Nanocomposites

“…The inhibition of the physical interaction ability would be because of attaining a state of physical saturation that leads to J-aggregations 102−104 as well as considerable agglomeration of the nanocomposites and the genetic material. 52,105,106 Further investigations were conducted to evaluate the cytotoxicity (after the treatment time of 72 h) and biocompatibility of the synthesized nanoparticles as well as the role of each part (Figure 9). In this case, two cell lines were selected, PC12 and HEK-293, and the rGO/MWCNT/Fe 3 O 4 / ZnO nanocomposite, rGO/MWCNT/Fe 3 O 4 part, along with the role of addition of different concentrations of ZnO as (+a) and (+b) in the presence of CRISPR/Cas9 was screened.…”

“…47,48 To reduce the potential cytotoxicity of these NPs due to reducing and capping agents and to increase the ratio of organic components in the synthesized nanocomposite, the ZnO NPs were synthesized via the green chemistry method, 49−51 wherein the leaf extract plays the role of a reducing agent for the zinc salt and a stabilizing agent of the synthesized ZnO NPs by its organic constituents besides absorbing water molecules. 52,53 Furthermore, the direct control of internalization into any cellular matrix is an important factor, which was attained by a suitable nanocarrier by the incorporation of Fe 3 O 4 NPs into the nanocomposite. Additionally, these NPs help facilitate the recycling of the nanocarrier from the cell after the gene delivery procedure.…”

Porphyrin Molecules Decorated on Metal-Organic Frameworks for Multi-Functional Biomedical Applications

“…Therefore, they should have significantly high relative cell viability. In the case of photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy appliances, these types of carriers and/or implants should have relative cell viability of more than 82% on those 4 mentioned cell lines [ 48 , 60 , 61 ]. For the drug/gene delivery applications, the relative cell viability ideally should be higher than the encapsulated cargo (drug or genetic material); for instance, for targeted delivery of doxorubicin or azithromycin and related therapeutics, the nano-carrier cell viability should be higher than 60% on the HEK-293, MCF-7, HeLa, and PC12 [ 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 ].…”

“…The synthesis concept for NH 2 -MIL-53 is based on the preceding literature [ 46 , 47 ]. However, in this work, a new synthesis procedure is developed with the assistance of a high-gravity technique and deploying the green chemistry approach adapted from our previous works [ 21 , 48 , 49 ]. Briefly (as depicted in Figure 1 ), 2.3 mmol of CrCl 3 .6H 2 O (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) and 2.3 mmol of 2-aminoterphtalic acid (H 2 BDC-NH 2 ) (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) were mixed and transferred to a 100 mL jar, and the mixture was dissolved by the addition of 85 mL of water/ethanol (1:1) and 1 mL of formic acid (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany).…”

CaZnO-based nanoghosts for the detection of ssDNA, pCRISPR and recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen and targeted delivery of doxorubicin

“…In order to achieve highly stable, mono-dispersed CaZnO-based NGs with a reduced time of reaction and the reduced temperature, the modified rotating packed bed (RPB) system was used based on our previous explorations ( Ghadiri et al, 2020 ; Rabiee et al, 2020a , 2021c ; Rabiee et al, 2020f ; Bagherzadeh et al, 2021 ). In this approach, 1:4 stoichiometric amounts of calcium chloride hexahydrate and the zinc acetate di-hydrate were reacted together and then poured into the internal space of the modified RPB system.…”