High Genotypic Diversity among Rotavirus Strains Infecting Gambian Children

Kwambana-Adams, Brenda; Ikumapayi, Usman N.; Sallah, Neneh; Dione, Michel; Jarju, Sheikh; Panchalingham, Sandra; Jafali, James; Lamin, Modou; Betts, Modupeh; Adeyemi, Mitchell; Akinsola, Adebayo; Bittaye, Ousman; Jasseh, Momodou; Kotloff, Karen L.; Levine, Myron M.; Nataro, James P.; Corrah, Tumani; Hossain, M. Anowar; Saha, Debasish; Antonio, Martín

doi:10.1097/inf.0000000000000087

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The majority of the RVA gastroenteritis cases occurred in children below 12 months of age, with a large % of RV detection <6 months of age (Table I). Similar observations were made in several other African countries, for example, Malawi , Zimbabwe [Mukaratirwa et al, 2014], Ethiopia [Abebe et al, 2014], Kenya [Kiulia et al, 2014], Gambia [Kwambana et al, 2014], and Tanzania [Moyo et al, 2014], and point toward the potential benefit of a neonatal dose of RV vaccine to prevent early RV disease in these pediatric populations as suggested by others [Vesikari et al, 2006;Cunliffe et al, 2010].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Molecular epidemiology of rotavirus in four provinces of Angola before vaccine introduction

Esteves

Nordgren

Pereira

et al. 2016

Journal of Medical Virology

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Angola is a sub-Saharan country in southern Africa highly affected by diarrhoeal disease with limited epidemiological data regarding etiologic agents. This study was performed during 2012-2013, prior to rotavirus vaccine introduction, with the objective to detect and characterize the rotavirus strains circulating in four provinces of the country: Huambo, Luanda, Zaire, and Cabinda. A high rotavirus detection rate (35%, 117/334) was observed. G1 was the most common G-genotype (83.6%), whereas P[8] (50.9%) followed by P[6] (38.8%) were the most common P-types. G1P[8] was identified as the predominant combination (50%), followed by the unusual G1P[6] (29.3%). Strains such G2P[4], G8P[6], G9P[6], and G12P[6] were also found in lower frequencies (5.2-1.7%). The P[6] strains did not cluster in the phylogenetic trees according to their geographic origin or even the corresponding G-genotype, suggesting a limited number of recent introductions and extensive reassortment events. Our results represent the first report on rotavirus genotype profiles in Angola, showing a wide circulation of the unusual genotype G1P[6], and underline the importance of RV surveillance after the vaccine introduction. J. Med. Virol. 88:1511-1520, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Molecular epidemiology of rotavirus in four provinces of Angola before vaccine introduction

Esteves

Nordgren

Pereira

et al. 2016

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…The distribution of RVA genotypes is widely diverse in different world regions and keeps changing [Kirkwood, ; Kawai et al, ; Afrad et al, ; Kwambana et al, ; Mwenda et al, ; Seheri et al, ].The genotype profile of RVA shown in the Republic of Congo was also diverse as reported from other countries in Africa, Asia, Europe, and South America [Khoury et al, ; Ogilvie et al, , ; Kawai et al, ; da Silva et al, ; Kwambana et al, ; Mwenda et al, ]. Similar to previous study reported in sub‐Saharan Africa [Mwenda et al, ], the genotype G1P[8] was the most frequent and the mixed genotypes G and P were also common in the Republic of Congo.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular epidemiology and surveillance of circulating rotavirus and adenovirus in Congolese children with gastroenteritis

Mayindou

Ngokana

Sidibe

et al. 2015

Journal of Medical Virology

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Infectious Diarrhea caused by rotavirus and adenovirus, is a leading cause of death in children in sub-Sahara Africa but there is limited published data on the diverse rotavirus genotypes and adenovirus serotypes circulating in the Republic of Congo. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of severe diarrhea caused by rotavirus A (RVA) and Adenovirus serotype 40 and 41 in Congolese children hospitalized with severe gastroenteritis. Stool samples were collected from 655 Congolese children less than 60 months of age hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis between June 2012 and June 2013. Rotavirus and adenovirus antigens were tested using commercially available ELISA kits and the RVA G- and P- genotypes were identified by seminested multiplex RT-PCR. Three hundred and four (46.4%) children were tested positive for RVA. Adenovirus infection was found in 5.5% of the 564 tested children. Rotavirus infection was frequently observed in children between 6-12 months (55.9%). The dry season months recorded increased RVA infection while no seasonality of adenovirus infection was demonstrated. The most common RVA genotypes were G1 (57.5%), G2 (6.4%), G1G2 mixture (15.5%), P[8] (58%), P[6] (13.2%), and P[8]P[6] mixture (26%). Additionally, the genotype G12P[6] was significantly associated with increased vomiting. This first study on Congolese children demonstrates a high prevalence and clinical significance of existing rotavirus genotypes. Adenovirus prevalence is similar to that of other Central African countries. This baseline epidemiology and molecular characterization study will contribute significantly to the RVA surveillance after vaccine implementation in the country.

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“…The epidemiology of circulating rotavirus strains remains of importance in disease surveillance and monitoring, especially following widespread vaccine implementation. Marked change in genetic epidemiology has been reported in Brazil following its mass immunization program and in Gambia in pre-vaccination surveys 57,58 . It has also been proposed that genetic reassortment with the acquisition of human gene segments might result in an increased ability of such recombinant strains to infect and spread among humans 45 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multiplex PCR/LDR Assay for Viral Agents of Diarrhea with the Capacity to Genotype Rotavirus

Mirza

Das

Pingle

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Rotavirus and noroviruses are major causes of diarrhea. Variable rotavirus vaccination efficacy in Africa and Asia is multifactorial, including the diversity of circulating strains and viral co-infection. We describe a multiplexed assay that detects and genotypes viruses from stool specimens. It includes a one-step reverse transcriptase PCR reaction, a ligase detection reaction (LDR), then hybridization of fluorescent products to micro-beads. In clinical samples it detects rotavirus, caliciviruses (sapovirus and norovirus), mixed infections, and genotypes or genogroups of rotaviruses and noroviruses, respectively. The assay also has the capacity to detect hepatitis A. The assay was validated on reference isolates and 296 stool specimens from the US and Ghana. The assay was 97% sensitive and 100% specific. The genogroup was concordant in 100% of norovirus, and the genotype in 91% and 89% of rotavirus G- and P-types, respectively. Two rare rotavirus strains, G6P[6] and G6P[8], were detected in stool specimens from Ghana. The high-throughput assay is sensitive, specific, and may be of utility in the epidemiological surveillance for rare and emerging viral strains post-rotavirus vaccine implementation.

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High Genotypic Diversity among Rotavirus Strains Infecting Gambian Children

Abstract: This study provides important baseline data for the genotypes circulating before vaccine implementation. The wide diversity of genotypes circulating in The Gambia implies the need for vigilant effectiveness surveillance following the implementation of RotaTeq in August 2013.

Cited by 12 publications

References 41 publications

Molecular epidemiology of rotavirus in four provinces of Angola before vaccine introduction

Molecular epidemiology of rotavirus in four provinces of Angola before vaccine introduction

Molecular epidemiology and surveillance of circulating rotavirus and adenovirus in Congolese children with gastroenteritis

A Multiplex PCR/LDR Assay for Viral Agents of Diarrhea with the Capacity to Genotype Rotavirus

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