High‐Gain Logic Inverters based on Multiple Screen‐Printed Organic Electrochemical Transistors

Zabihipour, Marzieh; Tu, Deyu; Forchheimer, Robert; Strandberg, Jan; Berggren, Magnus; Engquist, Isak; Ersman, Peter Andersson

doi:10.1002/admt.202101642

Cited by 9 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The wide channel switches at least four orders of magnitude in <10 and <40 ms from ON to OFF and OFF to ON, respectively, which is comparable or even better than previously reported screen‐printed OECTs. [ 16,25,26 ]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This inverter shows an excellent amplification exceeding 30 (the ratio between output and input voltages) upon sweeping the input voltage, which is well above the typical amplification factor (≈5–10) obtained in screen‐printed OECTs with approximately the same resistor values in the resistor ladder. [ 26 ] But to utilize VPP‐PEDOT:Otf‐based OECTs in more advanced screen‐printed circuits would require further optimization. The switching voltage at ≈1.5 V in Figure 7f is too high, resulting in parasitic reactions caused by the elevated voltage strain.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Combining Vapor Phase Polymerization and Screen Printing for Printed Electronics on Flexible Substrates

Brooke

Wijeratne

Hübscher

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Technologies

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

and have led to several commercial products such as inks, sensors, and displays.Conductive polymers can be synthesized by several methods, each with their own set of advantages and disadvantages. Chemical polymerization is the simplest method, requiring only the reagents necessary for the polymerization and a container, but generally results in poor properties. Electrochemical polymerization is a more controlled polymerization method (via the voltage and current), but requires a problematic three-electrode set up when considering large areas and upscaling. One polymerization technique that has shown promise, both for resulting in good conductive polymer properties and the potential for large area manufacturing, is vapor phase polymerization (VPP). [3,4] VPP uses a liquid oxidant that polymerizes a vapor monomer. The oxidant can be deposited using many different techniques, the most common method is spin coating, which results in very smooth and homogenous layers. [5][6][7][8] Performing VPP on spin-coated oxidant films has been shown to provide conductive polymers of impressive electronic properties and relatively large scale (10 cm 2 ). [9,10] However, its ability to coat one substrate at a time and the material waste makes spin coating unsuitable for hundreds of devices or truly large scale (≈dm 2 − m 2 ).Various deposition methods of the oxidant followed by VPP have been published to push the resolution of patterns possible via dip pen lithography [11] or for increasing the possibility for largescale manufacturing via inkjet printing. [12] However, truly scalable conductive polymer films fabricated by VPP have yet to be shown.Screen printing is one industrial standard deposition technique that can be truly scalable in either a sheet-by-sheet or roll-to-roll process. This technique allows pattern resolutions of at least 100 µm (with 100 µm spacing) and the ink deposition is performed within seconds. Screen printing has been used extensively for display, [13] sensor, [14] energy storage, [15] and transistor [16] applications due to the ability of over-printability, alignment at high accuracy, and registration marks allowing layer-by-layer deposition of functional inks.The combination of screen printing and the VPP process will permit all-printed devices to be fabricated at high resolution, which opens the possibilities of commercialization due to the cost-effective deposition technique. Previous reports combining Large area manufacturing of printed electronic components on ~A4-sized substrates is demonstrated by the combination of screen printing and vapor phase polymerization (VPP) into poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT).The oxidant layer required for the polymerization process is screen printed, and the resulting conductive polymer patterns are manufactured at high resolution (100 µm). Successful processing of several common oxidant species is demonstrated, and the thickness can be adjusted by altering the polymerization time. By comparing the polymer films of this work to a commercial PEDOT:PSS (PEDOT d...

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining Vapor Phase Polymerization and Screen Printing for Printed Electronics on Flexible Substrates

Brooke

Wijeratne

Hübscher

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Technologies

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The sole use of screen printing for OECT manufacturing has been widely explored by RISE, and in-depth analyses of this technology can be found in previous reports. [14,16,18,27] The manufacturing of the OECT device comprises six deposition steps (Figure 1a). More specifically: printing of Ag-based interconnects and contact pads (Step 1), deposition of the PEDOT:PSS-based channel and gate electrodes (Steps 2 and 6), printing of the carbon-based source and drain electrodes (Step 3), deposition of an insulating layer (Step 4), and an electrolyte layer (Step 5).…”

Section: Use Of Different Printing Techniques For the Fabrication Of ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A propagation delay of ≈12 ms (with proper V OUT voltage levels) was obtained for the inverters, while an oscillation frequency of ≈20 Hz and a propagation delay of ≈7 ms were achieved for the ring oscillators. [ 18 ] Hence, fully screen printed PEDOT:PSS‐based OECTs and logic circuits have been reported previously, however, not combined with the AJP technique that herein leads to a new OECT manufacturing approach, as evidenced by inverters and five‐stage ring oscillators with remarkable switching characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Improving the performance of the OECTs is associated with materials, fabrication techniques, and device architectures. [ 3,16–18 ] With the use of appropriate fabrication methods, crucial features and design flexibility can be achieved; in OECTs, it is in particular the reduction of area and thickness of the channel material that is important to enable shorter switching times. The AJP technique demonstrates the fabrication of highly precise and complex patterns, where feature sizes of 10–20 µm have been achieved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

High Performance Organic Electrochemical Transistors and Logic Circuits Manufactured via a Combination of Screen and Aerosol Jet Printing Techniques

Makhinia

Hübscher

Beni

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Technologies

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nowadays, most electronic gadgets comprise integrated circuits containing transistors, the key active components of modern electronics. Synthesis of novel organic materials has fostered the development of organic transistors controlled via electrolytic interfaces: (i) organic electrochemical transistors (OECT) and (ii) electrolyte-gated field-effect transistors (EGOFET); two devices that are governed by different operation mechanisms, partly originating from the features of the organic semiconductors used as channel materials. [7] In the OECT, charges are contained in the entire bulk of the organic semiconductor, giving rise to the high volumetric capacitance, resulting in high on-currents, high transconductance, high ON/OFF ratio, simplified device architectures, and low operation voltages of approximately 1 V. However, the enormous device capacitance also results in slow transistor response; this can be explained by the fact that the OECT relies on the movement of ions from the electrolyte into the bulk of the channel, and vice versa. Conversely, in EGOFETs, charges accumulate at the interface between the semiconductor and the electrolyte due to the electric double layers, resulting in shorter switching time, equally low switching voltages, similar ON/OFF ratio, but clearly lower current throughput. [8,9] Emerging application areas for organic transistors, especially OECTs, are biosensing, [10,11] electrophysiological recording, [12] neuromorphic devices, [13] and printed circuits. [3] The thickness of the electrolyte layer is noncritical from a device functionality point of view. In screen printed devices, the electrolyte thickness typically exceeds 10 µm, thereby paving the way for robust device architectures empowering large-scale manufacturing via reliable printing techniques. [14] An OECT is a three terminal device in which the source and drain electrodes are electronically connected via an organic semiconducting channel material, and a gate electrode is ionically linked to the channel by the electrolyte. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is commonly used as the organic conjugated polymer in printed OECT channels. [15] Various OECT device architectures and materials have been explored in the last decade to improve the OECT switching response. As a result, by replacing PEDOT:PSS with carbon as the source and drain electrodes, short switching times and symmetric switching behavior have been reported in printed OECTs relying on PEDOT:PSS-based channels. [16] In 2017, This work demonstrates a novel fabrication approach based on the combination of screen and aerosol jet printing to manufacture fully printed organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) and OECT-based logic circuits on PET substrates with superior performances. The use of aerosol jet printing allows for a reduction of the channel width to ≈15 µm and the estimated volume by a factor of ≈40, compared to the fully screen printed OECTs. Hence, the OECT devices and OECT-based logic circuits fabricated with ...

show abstract

Highly Stable Ladder‐Type Conjugated Polymer Based Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Low Power and Signal Processing‐Free Surface Electromyogram Triggered Robotic Hand Control

Zhou,

Wu,

Tam

et al. 2023

Adv Funct Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) based complementary inverters have been considered as promising candidates in electrophysiological amplification, owing to their low power consumption, and high gain. To create complementary inverters, it is important to use highly stable p‐type and n‐type polymers with well‐balanced current. In this study, the electrochemical stability of p‐type ladder‐conjugated polymer‐based OECT is improved through an annealing process that maintains its doped‐state drain current from 76% to 105% after 4,500 cycles in ambient environment. Next an OECT‐based complementary inverter made from p‐type and n‐type ladder‐conjugated polymers (PBBTL and BBL) that possess ultra‐low power consumption (≈170 nW), high gain (67 V/V), and high noise margin (92%) with full rail‐to‐rail swing, is presented. Furthermore, its potential for amplifying the envelope of surface electromyography (EMG) for robotic hand control is demonstrated. The high variation in the output (0.35 V) allows the amplified EMG signals to be directly captured by a commercial analog‐to‐digital converter, which in turn controls the robot hand to grasp different objects with low delay and low noise. These results demonstrate the capability of OECT inverter‐based amplifier in future signal processing‐free human‐machine interface, particularly useful for prosthetic control and gesture control applications.

show abstract

High‐Gain Logic Inverters based on Multiple Screen‐Printed Organic Electrochemical Transistors

Cited by 9 publications

References 30 publications

Combining Vapor Phase Polymerization and Screen Printing for Printed Electronics on Flexible Substrates

Combining Vapor Phase Polymerization and Screen Printing for Printed Electronics on Flexible Substrates

High Performance Organic Electrochemical Transistors and Logic Circuits Manufactured via a Combination of Screen and Aerosol Jet Printing Techniques

Highly Stable Ladder‐Type Conjugated Polymer Based Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Low Power and Signal Processing‐Free Surface Electromyogram Triggered Robotic Hand Control

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About