High frequency ultrasound‐guided pericardiocentesis performed in the sitting position: A novel apical approach

Abstract

Background So far, few approaches have been described to reduce inadvertent injury to structure of the heart and nearby organs in percutaneous pericardiocentesis. Hypothesis We hypothesized that an in‐plane high frequency ultrasound‐guided apical approach, performed in the sitting position, would provide additional benefits in terms of feasibility and safety for draining malignant pericardial effusion (MPE). Methods The authors selected 53 consecutive patients with moderate or large symptomatic MPE who underwent high frequency ultrasound‐guided pericardiocentesis. After the procedure, all patients were followed for 90 days with the main purpose of detecting procedure success, procedure‐related complications, and recurrent PE. Results Procedure success rate for pericardiocentesis was 100%. All patients were placed in the sitting position with their left hands extended above the heads. An apical puncture approach was performed in all cases (100%). The mean duration of catheter drainage was 8.1 ± 3.2 days. The mean initial amount of pericardial fluid drained was 956.3 ± 687.5 ml. Overall, six patients (11%) had recurrent PE; 3 (6%) had repeated percutaneous pericardiocentesis. There was no major complication and minor complications occurred in four patients (8%). Conclusion This novel in‐plane high frequency US‐guided apical approach has several advantages for percutaneous pericardiocentesis of MPE: performed in the sitting position; a benefit for patients with orthopnea; a maximum inserted wide angle to prevent damage to the myocardium; local enlargement of the PE region; high procedure success rate of pericardiocentesis; and excellent clinical outcomes.

Comparison of PLANE Technique versus Standard Echocardiography Guidance for Pediatric Pericardiocentesis

“…Similar in-plane ultrasound-guided techniques using apical or parasternal approaches have been studied in larger adult patients with excellent safety and efficacy profiles. 19,20 Conversely, the traditional phased-array echocardiogram probe approach does not detail the tissues surrounding the needle pathway in the same manner, making needle visualization more difficult, if not impossible, to track in real-time from skin to pericardium. Furthermore, in many cases, this technique requires a skilled echocardiographer.…”