High frequency scattering from a ship at sea

Jeng, Shyh‐Kang; Lee, S.-W.; Shen, Minyi; Yuan, Huiren; Pong, L.

doi:10.1109/aps.1993.385467

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…Therefore, the GFB method may not produce convergent results if it is applied to scattering from 3D targets on ocean-like rough surfaces. Other methods attempt to solve the problem via high frequency asymptotic methods which are based on ray-optics [7][8][9]. However, ray-optical approaches are approximate and usually rely on statistical rough surface scattering coefficients, and are not expected to predict the RCS pattern with high accuracy especially for lower frequencies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple sweep method of moments analysis of electromagnetic scattering from 3D targets on ocean‐like rough surfaces

Çolak¹,

Burkholder²,

Newman³

2006

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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This paper presents the multiple sweep method of moments (MSMM) analysis of electromagnetic (EM) scattering from three dimensional (3D) targets on ocean-like rough surfaces. The MSMM is a recursive method for solving the large matrix equations which arise in the method of moments (MoM) analysis of electrically large bodies. In the MSMM, the body is split into P sections and the currents on these sections are found in a sequential downrange-uprange fashion. The first sweep includes the dominant scattering mechanisms and each subsequent sweep includes higher order mechanisms. The results obtained from this study demonstrate that the MSMM is a very reliable and efficient tool for the analysis of this class of problems. The numerical results yield insight into electromagnetic scattering mechanisms associated with a 3D target on a rough surface, and provide accurate and robust reference solutions for more approximate techniques which can handle larger geometries more efficiently. Figure 8 Subtracted RCS patterns for a rectangular block on an oceanlike rough sur-face with wind speed 3.4 m/s. Frequency ϭ 300 MHz, ϭ 0°F igure 9 The RMS error versus sweep number k for the block target on the 1.9 m/s rough surface. P ϭ 3 sections used in the MSMM. Frequency ϭ 300 MHz, ϭ Ϫ40°, ϭ 0°, horizontal polarization 246 ABSTRACT: Slot antennas with a backing cavity for unidirectional radiation are investigated with the aim of achieving a thin structure capable of reasonably broadband operation. By tuning together the slot length and the cavity cross-section, a very low-profile cavity-backed slot (CBS) is demonstrated. The cavity thickness of this slot antenna is about 10 times smaller than conventional one-quarter wavelength cavities, which would allow constructing this antenna even with standard costeffective multilayer planar technology. The high gain and fairly wideband operation are the major advantages of the proposed configuration, which features a bandwidth of about 10% at a center frequency of 1.8 GHz with radiation efficiency in excess of 80%. Measured data are presented and compared with simulation results obtained by both the method of moments (MoM) and the finite integration technique (FIT).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple sweep method of moments analysis of electromagnetic scattering from 3D targets on ocean‐like rough surfaces

Çolak¹,

Burkholder²,

Newman³

2006

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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“…Recalling to Section 3, we could readily obtain the sea return E sea by using Equation (11). Therefore, the total scattering field from the ship-sea model is treated as a superimposition of the scattering contributions from sea, ship target and interactions:…”

Section: Composite Scattering Of a Ship At Seamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One important bottleneck of the asymptotic method is the modeling accuracy of the multipath EM interaction between the ship and sea. The techniques as Shooting and Bouncing Rays (SBR) [11,12], Iterative Physical Optics (IPO) [2,13], etc. have also been introduced to obtain a more accurate evaluation on the ship-sea interactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facet-Based Treatment on Microwave Bistatic Scattering of Three-Dimensional Sea Surface With Electrically Large Ship

Chen¹,

Min²,

Yin³

2012

PIER

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Abstract-A feasible simulator, of which formulation and mechanism should be simple and time saving, is developed in this paper to overcome the difficulties of prediction on the EM scattering from threedimensional (3-D) electrically very large ship-sea models. The work in this paper is twofold. First, the sea surfaces are supposed to be a combination of many locally-tilted slightly rough facets with two-scale profiles. The radar return from each local facet is associated to a semideterministic scheme which is established by combining the geometric optics limit of Kirchhoff Approximation (KA-GO) with the Bragg components of Bass-Fuks' two-scale model (BFTSM). Furthermore, we associate the complex reflective function of the respective facet by a so-called Phase-modified Facet Model (PMFM), in which the facet's phase is treated approximately as a combination of inherent part that follows a homogeneous random distribution and coherent part associated with the relative path-delay. Second, in companion with the semi-deterministic treatment of the sea scattering model, a hybrid approximate algorithm is proposed to deal with the composite scattering of electrically large ship-sea model, which is entirely evolved through facets (for the sea surface) and wedges (for the ship target). The method of equivalent currents (MEC) and a hybrid frame which combines the four path model (FPM) with the quasi-image method (QIM) are employed to calculate the scattering characteristics of the ship-like target and ship-sea interactions, respectively. The entire simulator is of comparatively significant computational efficiency, and suitable for providing a preliminary prediction on the instantaneous complex reflective functions and normalized radar cross sections (NRCS) mean levels for electrically very large ship-sea model.

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The Simulation of EM Scattering from Target above Sea Surface with a New Four-Path Model

Wei

Guo

Chai

2019

2019 IEEE International Conference on Computational Electromagnetics (ICCEM)

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High frequency scattering from a ship at sea

Cited by 4 publications

References 4 publications

Multiple sweep method of moments analysis of electromagnetic scattering from 3D targets on ocean‐like rough surfaces

Multiple sweep method of moments analysis of electromagnetic scattering from 3D targets on ocean‐like rough surfaces

Facet-Based Treatment on Microwave Bistatic Scattering of Three-Dimensional Sea Surface With Electrically Large Ship

The Simulation of EM Scattering from Target above Sea Surface with a New Four-Path Model

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