High-frequency intimate partner violence during pregnancy, postnatal depression and suicidal tendencies in Harare, Zimbabwe

Shamu, Simukai; Zarowsky, Christina; Roelens, Kristien; Temmerman, Marleen; Abrahams, Naeemah

doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2015.10.005

Cited by 68 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…However, our results are consistent with other studies, which show that being pregnant is not necessarily protective against IPV and that physical violence may slightly decrease compared to other forms of IPV probably because of the partner's fear of hurting the unborn baby or due to the cultural unacceptability of hurting a pregnant woman 8 38. The reasons as to why psychological abuse increased significantly during pregnancy in our study are not clear but a similar finding is presented from Zimbabwe 3. A suggested explanation is that women who have mistimed the pregnancy or if the pregnancy is unwanted endure significantly higher levels of psychological abuse from their partners, who blame them for getting pregnant 39.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The overall prevalence rate of IPV (physical, sexual and/or psychological violence) during pregnancy in the developed world ranges between 10 and 20% 5 13. In African countries, the overall prevalence rates of IPV during pregnancy are some of the highest in the world, as high as 25, 34 and 61% in Ethiopia, Zimbabwe and the Gambia respectively 3 6 8 14. It has been suggested that IPV against women and its effects may be exacerbated in resource-limited settings, such as Rwanda and many other African countries, due to gender inequality and cultural and economic barriers that restrain women in becoming economically independent 15 16.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intimate partner violence among pregnant women in Rwanda, its associated risk factors and relationship to ANC services attendance: a population-based study

et al. 2017

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ObjectivesTo investigate the prevalence of four forms of intimate partner violence during pregnancy in Rwandan women, associated sociodemographic and psychosocial factors and relationship to antenatal care service usage.DesignThis was a cross-sectional population-based study conducted in the Northern province of Rwanda and in Kigali city.Participants and settingsA total of 921 women who gave birth within the past 13 months were included. Villages in the study area were selected using a multistage random sampling technique and community health workers helped in identifying eligible participants. Clinical psychologists, nurses or midwives carried out face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to assess associations.ResultsThe prevalence rates of physical, sexual, psychological violence and controlling behaviour during pregnancy were 10.2% (95% CI 8.3 to 12.2), 9.7% (95% CI 7.8 to 11.6), 17.0% (95% CI 14.6 to 19.4) and 20.0% (95% CI 17.4 to 22.6), respectively. Usage of antenatal care services was less common among women who reported controlling behaviour (OR) 1.93 (95% CI 1.34 to 2.79). No statistically significant associations between physical, psychological and sexual violence and antenatal care usage were found. Low socioeconomic status was associated with physical violence exposure (OR) 2.27 (95% CI 1.29 to 3.98). Also, young age, living in urban areas and poor social support were statistically significant in their associations with violence exposure during pregnancy.ConclusionsIntimate partner violence inquiry should be included in the standard antenatal care services package and professionals should be trained in giving support, advice and care to those exposed. Gender-based violence is criminalised behaviour in Rwanda; existing policies and laws must be followed and awareness raised in society for preventive purposes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intimate partner violence among pregnant women in Rwanda, its associated risk factors and relationship to ANC services attendance: a population-based study

et al. 2017

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“…We are not the first to find that the timing of IPV around pregnancy is relevant to the likelihood of PPD outcomes. A number of studies document that psychological abuse during pregnancy is particularly consequential for PPD relative to its influence before pregnancy [40, 42, 98, 100–104]. However, similar to our findings with women of Bangladesh, Martin et al (2006) report that psychological IPV during the year prior to pregnancy did not increase PPD symptoms among a sample of US women.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Intimate partner violence around the time of pregnancy and postpartum depression: The experience of women of Bangladesh

et al. 2017

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Background and objectivesIntimate partner violence (IPV) around the time of pregnancy is a serious public health concern and is known to have an adverse effect on perinatal mental health. In order to craft appropriate and effective interventions, it is important to understand how the association between IPV and postpartum depression (PPD) may differ as a function of the type and timing of IPV victimization. Here we evaluate the influence of physical, sexual and psychological IPV before, during and after pregnancy on PPD.MethodsCross-sectional survey data was collected between October 2015 and January 2016 in the Chandpur District of Bangladesh from 426 new mothers, aged 15–49 years, who were in the first six months postpartum. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between IPV and PPD, adjusted for socio-demographic, reproductive and psychosocial confounding factors.ResultsApproximately 35.2% of women experienced PPD within the first six months following childbirth. Controlling for confounders, the odds of PPD was significantly greater among women who reported exposure to physical (AOR: 1.79, 95% CI [1.25, 3.43]), sexual (AOR: 2.25, 95% CI [1.14, 4.45]) or psychological (AOR: 6.92, 95% CI [1.71, 28.04]) IPV during pregnancy as opposed to those who did not. However, both before and after pregnancy, only physical IPV evidences a direct effect on PPD. Results highlight the mental health consequences of IPV for women of Bangladesh, as well as the influence of timing and type of IPV on PPD outcomes.Conclusions and implicationsThe findings confirm that exposure to IPV significantly increases the odds of PPD. The association is particularly strong for physical IPV during all periods and psychological IPV during pregnancy. Results reinforce the need to conduct routine screening during pregnancy to identify women with a history of IPV who may at risk for PPD and to offer them necessary support.

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“…Two studies were conducted by the same authors group. [13][14][15][16] In these publications, the same methodology was reported in two papers, but there was a different emphasis on the results and outcomes reported per publication. For the purposes of this review, the first publication is referenced in the methodology section.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All three types of maternal morbidity including physical, psychological and social ill-health were assessed in 12 studies; 6,13,14,18,38,40,31,42,45,47 psychological and social ill-health were assessed in nine studies; 16,23,27,29,30,33,34,38,41 physical and psychological ill-health in 11 studies; 17,19,20,22,25,27,30,31,48 and physical and social ill-health assessed in six studies ( Supplementary Table 2). 15,43,44,46,49…”

Section: Co-morbidities Assessedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Morbidity and Co-morbidity During and After Pregnancy in Women in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Literature Review

McCauley¹,

Zafar²,

Broek³

2020

Preprint

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High-frequency intimate partner violence during pregnancy, postnatal depression and suicidal tendencies in Harare, Zimbabwe

Cited by 68 publications

References 36 publications

Intimate partner violence among pregnant women in Rwanda, its associated risk factors and relationship to ANC services attendance: a population-based study

Intimate partner violence among pregnant women in Rwanda, its associated risk factors and relationship to ANC services attendance: a population-based study

Intimate partner violence around the time of pregnancy and postpartum depression: The experience of women of Bangladesh

Maternal Morbidity and Co-morbidity During and After Pregnancy in Women in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Literature Review

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