High-frequency internal waves in Lake Geneva

Thorpe, S. A.; Keen, J. M.; Jiang, R.; Lemmin, Ulrich

doi:10.1098/rsta.1996.0008

Cited by 44 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…It is further seen that, the shorter the wind pulse, the more frontlike the initial Kelvin-seiche response will be in the lake. Frontal steepness of internal seiches has been observed after strong wind pulses in lakes of all sizes (Mortimer 1955;Thorpe et al 1972;Farmer 1978;Hamblin 1978;Lemmin 1987). The observed fronts in the Lake of Geneva evolve into regular seiches as time passes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The importance of internal seiches in lake dynamics in the generation of short progressive internal waves during the passage of an internal seiche has been demonstrated (Thorpe et al 1996). Those authors suggest several ways in which Kelvin and short-internal waves may be linked and energy transferred from internal seiches to short internal waves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The passage of the large-amplitude, shore-hugging Kelvin seiches produce thermocline displacements over bottom slopes, sometimes extending laterally 100 m or more offshore (Thorpe et al 1996). This creates strong bottom shear associated with high turbulent energy-dissipation rates and the potential for sediment resuspension.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Internal seiche dynamics in Lake Geneva

Lemmin

Mortimer

Bäuerle³

2005

Limnol. Oceanogr.

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We analyzed season-long water level records at 12 stations around the Lake of Geneva (local name Léman) for evidence of internal seiches modified by Coriolis force and compared the results with predictions from a two-layer numerical model with real bottom topography for typical wind situations. Results are also compared with those obtained from current and temperature measurements in the lake. Agreement was satisfactory in all cases. Model predictions and measurements both indicated that only three internal seiche modes are excited: the 1st mode and the 3rd mode, which are Kelvin-seiche oscillations, and the 12th mode, which is a Poincaré seiche. The model, driven by winds from different directions, demonstrates that the wind field, constrained by the local topography, determines which of the modes is generated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Internal seiche dynamics in Lake Geneva

Lemmin

Mortimer

Bäuerle³

2005

Limnol. Oceanogr.

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“…Studies to identify the processes that drive mixing along lake boundaries (Gloor et al 1994;Lorke 2007) show the main response to wind-forcing to be a Kelvin wave (e.g., Lake Kinneret, Lake Constance, Lake Geneva) or internal seiche (e.g., Lake Alpnach, Cayuga Lake), and boundary-layer turbulence associated with these waves has been studied (Thorpe et al 1996;Saggio and Imberger 1998;Preusse et al 2010). Similar studies for large lakes with Burger number, S 5 R/L 5 C/(fL) ,, 1, have not been undertaken.…”

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confidence: 99%

Poincaré wave–induced mixing in a large lake

Bouffard¹,

Boegman²,

Rao

2012

Limnology & Oceanography

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A 10,000-km 2 hypoxic 'dead zone' forms, during most years, in the central basin of Lake Erie. To investigate the processes driving the hypoxia, we conducted a 2-yr field campaign where the mixing in the lake interior during the stratification period was examined using current meters and temperature-loggers data, as well as . 600 temperature microstructure profiles, from which turbulent mixing was computed. Near-inertial Poincaré waves drive shear instability, generating , 1-m amplitude and 10-m wavelength high-frequency internal waves with , 1-m density overturns that lead to an increase in turbulent dissipation by one order of magnitude. The instabilities are associated with enhanced vertical shear at the crests and troughs of the Poincaré waves and may be correlated with the local gradient Richardson number. Poincaré wave-induced mixing should be an important factor when the Burger number , 0.25. The strong diapycnal mixing induced by the Poincaré wave activity will also significantly modify the energy-flux paths. For example, we estimate that, in Lake Erie, 0.85% of the wind energy is transferred to the lake interior (below the surface layer); of this, 40% is dissipated in the interior metalimnion and 60% is dissipated at the bottom boundary. In smaller lakes, 0.42% of wind energy is transferred to the deeper water, with 90% dissipated in the boundary and 10% in the interior metalimnion.

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“…The isobaths are aligned approximately eastwest in this area and the mean bottom slope, a, is 10 2°. The sensor separation of 54 m was chosen to make it possible to identify the propagation of internal waves moving along the slope at speeds known, from earlier studies, to be of order 0.5 ms ±1 or less (Thorpe et al, 1996, Thorpe and. Sensors sampled concurrently once a minute.…”

Section: The Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal waves and temperature fronts on slopes

Thorpe

Lemmin

1999

Ann. Geophys.

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Abstract. Time series measurements from an array of temperature miniloggers in a line at constant depth along the sloping boundary of a lake are used to describe the`internal surf zone' where internal waves interact with the sloping boundary. More small positive temperature time derivatives are recorded than negative, but there are more large negative values than positive, giving the overall distribution of temperature time derivatives a small negative skewness. This is consistent with the internal wave dynamics; fronts form during the up-slope phase of the motion, bringing cold water up the slope, and the return¯ow may become unstable, leading to small advecting billows and weak warm fronts. The data are analysed to detect`events', periods in which the temperature derivatives exceed a set threshold. The speed and distance travelled by`events' are described. The motion along the slope may be a consequence of (a) instabilities advected by the¯ow (b) internal waves propagating along-slope or (c) internal waves approaching the slope from oblique directions. The propagation of several of the observed`events' can only be explained by (c), evidence that the internal surf zone has some, but possibly not all, the characteristics of the conventional`surface wave' surf zone, with waves steepening as they approach the slope at oblique angles.

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High-frequency internal waves in Lake Geneva

Cited by 44 publications

References 24 publications

Internal seiche dynamics in Lake Geneva

Internal seiche dynamics in Lake Geneva

Poincaré wave–induced mixing in a large lake

Internal waves and temperature fronts on slopes

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