High-frequency fibre-optic magnetometer with 70 fT/√(Hz) resolution

Bucholtz, F.; Dagenais, D.M.; Koo, K.P.

doi:10.1049/el:19891150

Cited by 38 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…Mixing high frequencies signals in the magnetostrictive sensor allowed a heterodyne detection scheme, where the transducer acted as both the receiving and nonlinear mixing element. The same group reported a minimum detectable AC magnetic field of 70 fT/√Hz at 34.2 kHz [61].…”

Section: −7mentioning

confidence: 89%

Optical Current Sensors for High Power Systems: A Review

et al. 2012

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Abstract:The intrinsic advantages of optical sensor technology are very appealing for high voltage applications and can become a valuable asset in a new generation of smart grids. In this paper the authors present a review of optical sensors technologies for electrical current metering in high voltage applications. A brief historical overview is given together with a more detailed focus on recent developments. Technologies addressed include all fiber sensors, bulk magneto-optical sensors, piezoelectric transducers, magnetic force sensors and hybrid sensors. The physical principles and main advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Configurations and strategies to overcome common problems, such as interference from external currents and magnetic fields induced linear birefringence and others are discussed. The state-of-the-art is presented including commercial available systems.

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Section: −7mentioning

confidence: 89%

Optical Current Sensors for High Power Systems: A Review

et al. 2012

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“…Magnetometers capable of room temperature operation offer significant advantages both in terms of operational costs and range of applications. The state-of-the-art are magnetostrictive magnetometers with sensitivities in the range of fT Hz −1/2 [3,4], and atomic magnetometers which achieve impressive sensitivities as low as 160 aT Hz −1/2 [5] but with limited dynamic range due to the nonlinear Zeeman effect [2,6]. Recently, significant effort has been made to miniaturize room temperature magnetometers.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cavity Optomechanical Magnetometer

et al. 2012

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A cavity optomechanical magnetometer is demonstrated. The magnetic field induced expansion of a magnetostrictive material is resonantly transduced onto the physical structure of a highly compliant optical microresonator, and read-out optically with ultra-high sensitivity. A peak magnetic field sensitivity of 400 nT Hz −1/2 is achieved, with theoretical modeling predicting the possibility of sensitivities below 1 pT Hz −1/2 . This chipbased magnetometer combines high-sensitivity and large dynamic range with small size and room temperature operation.Ultra-low field magnetometers are essential components for a wide range of practical applications including geology, mineral exploration, archaeology, defence and medicine [1]. The field is dominated by superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) operating at cryogenic temperatures [2]. Magnetometers capable of room temperature operation offer significant advantages both in terms of operational costs and range of applications. The state-of-the-art are magnetostrictive magnetometers with sensitivities in the range of fT Hz −1/2 [3, 4], and atomic magnetometers which achieve impressive sensitivities as low as 160 aT Hz −1/2 [5] but with limited dynamic range due to the nonlinear Zeeman effect [2,6]. Recently, significant effort has been made to miniaturize room temperature magnetometers. However both atomic and magnetostrictive magnetometers remain generally limited to millimeter or centimeter size scales. Smaller microscale magnetometers have many potential applications in biology, medicine, and condensed matter physics [7,8]. A particularly important application is magnetic resonance imaging, where by placing the magnetometer in close proximity to the sample both sensitivity and resolution may be enhanced [9], potentially enabling detection of nuclear spin noise [10], imaging of neural networks [7], and advances in areas of medicine such as magneto-cardiography[1, 6] and magneto-encephalography [11].In the past few years, rapid progress has been achieved on NV center based magnetometers. They combine sensitivities as low as 4 nT Hz −1/2 with room temperature operation, optical readout and nanoscale size [12] and are predicted theoretically to reach the fT Hz −1/2 range [13]. This has allowed three-dimensional magnetic field imaging at the micro scale using ensembles of NV-centers [7], and magnetic resonance [14] and field imaging[13] at the nanoscale using single NV centers. In spite of these extraordinary achievements applications are hampered by fabrication issues and the intricacy of the read-out schemes [15]. Furthermore miniaturization is limitied by the bulky read-out optics, the magnetic field coils for state preparation and the microwave excitation device [7].In this letter we present the concept of a cavity optomechanical field sensor which combines room temperature operation and high sensitivity with large dynamic range and small size. The sensor leverages results from the emergent field of cavity optomechanics where ultra-sensitive force and positi...

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“…The strains at the sidebands are detected as optical phase shifts in the output of a fiber optic interferometer. Fiber optic lowfrequency magnetic field sensors based on the magnetostrictive effect have achieved minimum detectable fields on the order of 10 pT/√Hz at 1 Hz [3], while fiber optic voltage sensors based on the electrostrictive effect have achieved a minimum detectable field on the order of 20 nV/√Hz at 1 Hz [8]. Another inherent advantage of nonlinear transducers is that frequency-division multiplexing of electric and magnetic channels is possible by use of a single interferometer and a single unmodulated laser.…”

Section: Nonlinear Transductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, highresolution low-frequency fiber optic magnetic field sensors based on the magnetostrictive effect have been extensively studied [1][2][3]. Arrays of high-resolution low-frequency fiber optic magnetic field sensors have been successfully deployed in an oceanic environment to study geomagnetic fluctuations [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%