High Frequency Direct Organogenesis, Genetic Homogeneity, Chemical Characterization and Leaf Ultra-Structural Study of Regenerants in Diplocyclos palmatus (L.) C. Jeffrey

Abstract

Diplocyclos palmatus (L.) C. Jeffrey, commonly referred to as “Shivalingi” or “Lollipop climber” is a valuable medicinal plant with a climbing growth habit used in traditional medicine. It is reputed to have antiarthritic, anti-diabetic properties and to be useful in various skin and reproductive problems. Overexploitation of wild plants and low seed germination have resulted in the decline of the species in the wild. Thus, the present investigation was aimed to establish an effective in vitro propagation procedure for its large-scale production and conservation. Nodal explants, obtained from an established mother plant were grown on MS basal medium augmented with various cytokinins, alone or in combination with auxins, to study the morphogenic response. A maximum of 8.3 shoots/explants with an average shoot length of 7.2 cm were produced after six weeks on MS containing benzylaminopurine 5.0 µM + 1-naphthaleneacetic acid 2.0 µM. After 4 weeks of transfer, microshoots rooted well on a low nutrient medium of ½ MS + 1.0 µM indole-3-butyric acid, with a maximum of 11.0 roots/microshoot and an average root length of 7.4 cm. With an 80% survival rate, the regenerated plantlets were effectively acclimatized to natural conditions. DNA-based molecular markers were used to investigate the genetic uniformity. Scanning Electron Microscopic examination of leaves indicated the adaptation of the plantlets to natural, as evidenced by the formation of normal stomata. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses of mother and micropropagated plants were performed to identify essential secondary metabolites. The results obtained show that the in vitro propagation system can be adopted for preservation, large-scale production and secondary metabolites’ production in D. palmatus.

Micropropagation, encapsulation, physiological, and genetic homogeneity assessment in Casuarina equisetifolia

“…The increase in photosynthetic pigment content witnessed the functional health of the photosystem to various light spectra. Similar kinds of findings have also been reported in other plants, such as D. arayalpathra (Ahmad et al, 2018a), D. salicifolia (Ahmad et al, 2018b), and Diplocyclos palmatus (Upadhyay et al, 2021).…”

“…Our findings were in accordance with a previous report on C. equisetifolia (Duhoux et al, 1986 ). The synergistic effect of BA and NAA has been demonstrated by various workers, such as in D. salicifolia (Ahmad et al, 2018b ), Dendrobium anosmum (Nguyen et al, 2022 ), and Diplocyclos palmatus (Upadhyay et al, 2021 ). However, contrary to our results, BA in combination with IAA was found most suitable nutrient media for optimum shoot proliferation from the nodal segment of D. arayalpathra (Ahmad et al, 2018a ) and A. salviifolium (Pandey et al, 2022 ).…”

Callus-Mediated High-Frequency Plant Regeneration, Phytochemical Profiling, Antioxidant Activity and Genetic Stability in Ruta chalepensis L.

“…Plant tissue culture offers an excellent technological foundation for the quick and efficient production of phytochemical substances for commercial purposes [13,59]. It is likely that ex-vitro-established micropropagated plants' increased production of phytochemical substances is attributable to a variety of factors, including the media they are growing in, the explants they are using, their genotype, and even the PRGs they have added to the medium [60,61]. Our findings are in line with previous studies that found that micropropagated plants had more phytochemicals than their donor plants, such as Clerodendrum thomsoniae [62], Hemidesmus indicus [63], Tecoma stans [64], Hildegardia populifolia [65], and Diplocyclos palmatus [61].…”