High frequency, calibration-free molecular measurements in situ in the living body

Abstract

Dual-reporter, electrochemical aptamer-based (E-AB) sensors achieve calibration-free measurement of multiple specific molecules in situ in the living body.

Cutting-Edge Advances in Electrochemical Affinity Biosensing at Different Molecular Level of Emerging Food Allergens and Adulterants

“…This kind of biosensors, providing simple and fast molecular monitoring in the clinical field, are scarcely explored so far in the food safety field despite they may allow continuous, reagentless and almost real-time electrochemical biosensing of relevant analytes in static or flowing samples. In addition, switch-based electrochemical sensors show promising features to overcome biofouling, stability, and calibration challenging issues faced by electrochemical biosensing in particularly complex samples such as clinical and food matrices [60,61].…”

“…This kind of biosensors, providing simple and fast molecular monitoring in the clinical field, are scarcely explored so far in the food safety field despite they may allow continuous, reagentless and almost real-time electrochemical biosensing of relevant analytes in static or flowing samples. In addition, switch-based electrochemical sensors show promising features to overcome biofouling, stability, and calibration challenging issues faced by electrochemical biosensing in particularly complex samples such as clinical and food matrices [60,61]. It is also important to mention that most of the technologies described in these last two sections can be easily adapted to the detection of other types of molecules such as toxins or nucleic acids by changing affinity ligands (e.g., aptamers, oligonucleotides), creating detection panels for food safety and for food-source identification that may be used for a plethora of interesting applications, such as verification of food origin, absence of contaminants confirmation, or support of dietary restrictions for religious purposes.…”

“…and the exploration of electrode modifiers that impart surface antifouling properties [62] are expected to provide new capabilities for applications in the food analysis field. Other capabilities, currently pursued in clinics, that are highly interesting also in the food allergens and adulterants analysis field include the development of no-wash [31], reagentless, calibration-free [60,61] electrochemical biosensors able to provide near real-time and accurate detection with minimal sample pretreatments and minimal handling by the end users.…”

Beyond Sensitive and Selective Electrochemical Biosensors: Towards Continuous, Real-Time, Antibiofouling and Calibration-Free Devices

“…They can be classified as electrochemical DNA (E-DNA) [ 6 , 8 , 25 ] aptamer (E-AB) [ 2 , 3 , 7 , 9 , 10 , 26 ], and peptide (E-PB) [ 27 ] biosensors, and electrochemical biosensors for ion determination (E-ION) [ 28 ]. They have targeted the single or simultaneous determination [ 10 , 25 , 64 , 65 , 66 ] of a great number of significant analytes (DNAs, polymerase chain reaction amplification products, proteins, hormones, autoantibodies, drugs, toxins, adulterants, explosives, ions, and other biologically relevant molecules), and provide LODs as low as aM-fM for target DNAs [ 8 , 67 , 68 ], and pM for autoantibodies [ 69 ] and proteins [ 70 ], with compliance with threshold values and current regulations.…”

“…The availability of technologies for tracking the levels of specific molecules in real time in food production lines or in the living body would revolutionize various applications involved in aspects of people’s life safety and physical health, such as clinical diagnosis, food analysis, or environment monitoring [ 1 , 2 ].…”