“…Existing time-series studies of eDNA have applied a range of short-term, high frequency sampling e.g., hourly across days (Ely et al, 2021;Jensen et al, 2022), to longer-term sampling, with less frequency e.g., weekly or fortnightly across 5 to 18 months (Djurhuus et al, 2020;Sigsgaard et al, 2017;Stoeckle et al, 2017;Ushio et al, 2018) and up to 3 years (Di Capua et al, 2021), to twice monthly for 2 years (Ushio et al, 2023). Although, Searcy et al (2022) employed higher frequency daily sampling across a year. High frequency sampling strategies have, for example, detected clear diel changes in marine fish community composition (sampling hourly across 32 h: Jensen et al, 2022), as well as significant variation in eDNA concentrations in the context of a dynamic biological event, such as salmon spawning (sampling daily for 1 month using qPCR: Tillotson et al, 2018).…”