High-frequency and high-field optically detected magnetic resonance of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond

Stepanov, Viktor; Cho, Franklin H.; Abeywardana, Chathuranga; Takahashi, Susumu

doi:10.1063/1.4908528

Cited by 53 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…Our results indicate an imaging resolution of 25 nm together with a shot noise limited MW magnetic field sensitivity of 680 nT Hz −1/2 , resulting in a sensitivity to the generating currents of few nA Hz −1/2 all at frequencies ∼3 GHz. Extending the bandwidth of detection to the range above 20 GHz can be achieved by placing our microscope in a sufficiently strong magnetic field [37] and would have profound impact for applications in MW device characterization, as currently available field imaging techniques cannot operate in this frequency range [38]. It should be noted that detection of microwave fields through Rabi oscillations has also been implemented for 87 Rb vapor cells [17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscale microwave imaging with a single electron spin in diamond

et al. 2015

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We report on imaging of microwave (MW) magnetic fields using a magnetometer based on the electron spin of a nitrogen vacancy (NV) center in diamond. We quantitatively image the magnetic field generated by high frequency (GHz) MW current with nanoscale resolution using a scanning probe technique. Together with a shot noise limited MW magnetic field sensitivity of 680 nT Hz −1/2 our room temperature experiments establish the NV center as a versatile and high performance tool for MW imaging, which furthermore offers polarization selectivity and broadband capabilities. As a first application of this scanning MW detector, we image the MW stray field around a stripline structure and thereby locally determine the MW current density with a MW current sensitivity of a few nA Hz −1/2 .

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscale microwave imaging with a single electron spin in diamond

et al. 2015

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“…The NV spin is an atomic-sized sensor that benefits from a large toolbox of spin manipulation techniques and can be controllably positioned within a few nanometres of the system under study. In the decade since it was first proposed 13,14 and implemented 15,16 , NV magnetometry has demonstrated a combination of capabilities that sets it apart from any other magneticsensing technique: room-temperature single-electron 17 and nuclear 18 spin sensitivity, spatial resolution on the nanometre scale 19 , operation under a broad range of temperatures (from ~1 K to above room temperature 20,21 ) and magnetic fields (from zero to a few Tesla 22,23 ), and non-perturbative operation. However, only in the past few years has NV magnetometry begun to explore condensed matter systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing condensed matter physics with magnetometry based on nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond

2018

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The magnetic fields generated by spins and currents provide a unique window into the physics of correlatedelectron materials and devices. Proposed only a decade ago, magnetometry based on the electron spin of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) defects in diamond is emerging as a platform that is excellently suited for probing condensed matter systems: it can be operated from cryogenic temperatures to above room temperature, has a dynamic range spanning from DC to GHz, and allows sensor-sample distances as small as a few nanometres. As such, NV magnetometry provides access to static and dynamic magnetic and electronic phenomena with nanoscale spatial resolution. Pioneering work focused on proof-of-principle demonstrations of its nanoscale imaging resolution and magnetic field sensitivity. Now, experiments are starting to probe the correlatedelectron physics of magnets and superconductors and to explore the current distributions in low-dimensional materials. In this Review, we discuss the application of NV magnetometry to the exploration of condensed matter physics, focusing on its use to study static and dynamic magnetic textures, and static and dynamic current distributions. Box 1| Measuring static fieldsHere we describe elementary considerations for the use of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centres for imaging magnetic fields generated by static magnetic textures and current distributions. Reconstructing a vector magnetic field by measuring a single field componentBecause the NV electron spin resonance splitting is first-order sensitive to the projection of the magnetic field B on the NV spin quantization axis, B||, this is the quantity typically measured in an NV magnetometry measurement 16 . It is therefore convenient to realize that the full vector field B can be reconstructed by measuring any of its components in a plane positioned at a distance d from the sample, where d is the NV-sample distance (provided this component is not parallel to the measurement plane). This results from the linear dependence of the components of B̂ in Fourier space 24,25 , which follows from the fact that B can be expressed as the gradient of a scalar magnetostatic potential. Moreover, by measuring B||(x, y; z = d) we can reconstruct B at all distances d + h through the evanescent-field analogue of Huygens' principle, a procedure known as upward propagation 24 . As an example, the out-of-plane stray field component Bz(x, y; z = d + h) can be reconstructed from B||(x, y; z = d) using ̂( ; + ℎ) = − ℎ̂| | ( ; ) NV •

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“…Many modern applications require small and robust receivers that could operate in high temperature (> 100 °C), high pressure and/or chemically harsh environment. Recently, novel schemes capable of sensing radio-frequency electromagnetic waves have emerged, including those based on 2D materials [4,5], optomechanics [6][7][8], and nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond [9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Among these devices, diamond detectors are particularly interesting owing to diamond unique properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diamond Radio Receiver: Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers as Fluorescent Transducers of Microwave Signals

et al. 2016

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We demonstrate a robust frequency-modulated (FM) radio receiver using electron-spin-dependent photoluminescence of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. The carrier frequency of the FM signal is in the 2.8 GHz range, determined by the zero-field splitting in the NV electronic ground state. The radio can be tuned over 300 MHz by applying an external DC magnetic field. We show the transmission of high-fidelity audio signals over a bandwidth of 91 kHz using the diamond radio. We demonstrate operating temperature of the radio as high as 350 Celsius degrees.

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High-frequency and high-field optically detected magnetic resonance of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond

Cited by 53 publications

References 43 publications

Nanoscale microwave imaging with a single electron spin in diamond

Nanoscale microwave imaging with a single electron spin in diamond

Probing condensed matter physics with magnetometry based on nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond

Diamond Radio Receiver: Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers as Fluorescent Transducers of Microwave Signals

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