High Frame Rate Vector Flow Imaging: Development as a New Diagnostic Mode on a Clinical Scanner

Du, Yigang; Shen, Yingying; Yiu, Billy Y. S.; Yu, Alfred C. H.; Zhu, Lei

doi:10.1109/ultsym.2018.8580187

Cited by 17 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Measurement of WSS value is another unique function of V flow imaging method. With the multidirectional transmissions and receptions methods, the true velocity vectors will be achieved without the correction of angle ( 24 ). WSS value analysis will be achieved by setting the measurement reference line parallel to the vessel wall and close to the vessel wall after obtaining dynamic blood flow.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…WSS value analysis will be achieved by setting the measurement reference line parallel to the vessel wall and close to the vessel wall after obtaining dynamic blood flow. The WSS value calculated by V flow is convenient and accurate in evaluating carotid artery function ( 24 , 25 ). High WSS value was considered to be related with plaque instability ( 10 , 26 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-Frame Rate Vector Flow Imaging Technique: Initial Application in Evaluating the Hemodynamic Changes of Carotid Stenosis Caused by Atherosclerosis

Qiu

Dong

Mao

et al. 2021

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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Objective: To investigate the value of high-frame rate vector flow imaging technique (V flow) in evaluating the hemodynamic changes of carotid stenosis caused by atherosclerotic plaques.Methods and Materials: In this prospective study, patients with stenosis rate (diameter) ≥30% caused by carotid atherosclerotic plaques were included. Degrees of carotid stenosis were graded according to North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial criteria: moderate (30–69%) or severe (70–99%). Mindray Resona 7s ultrasound machine with a linear array transducer (3–11 MHz) was used for ultrasound examinations. The mean WSS value of carotid arteries was measured at the proximal, narrowest region and distal of carotid stenosis. The mean WSS values were correlated with peak systolic velocity (PSV) measured by color Doppler flow imaging and stenosis degree detected by digital subtraction angiography (DSA). The vector arrows and flow streamline detected by V flow dynamic imaging were analyzed. Imaging findings of DSA in carotid arteries were used as the gold standard.Results: Finally, 51 patients were included. V flow measurements were performed successfully in 17 patients (100%) with moderate-grade stenosis and in 30 patients (88.2%) with severe-grade stenosis. Dynamic V flow imaging showed yellow or red vectors at the stenotic segment, indicating fast speed blood flow (up to 260.92 cm/s). Changes of streamlines were detected in the stenotic segment. The mean WSS value measured at the narrowest region of the carotid artery had a moderately positive correlation with stenosis degree (r = 0.58, P < 0.05) and PSV value (r = 0.54, P < 0.05), respectively. Significant difference was detected in mean WSS value at the narrowest region of the carotid artery between severe carotid stenosis (1.47 ± 0.97 Pa) and moderate carotid stenosis (0.96 ± 0.44 Pa) (P < 0.05).Conclusion: The hemodynamic changes detected by V flow of the carotid stenosis might be a potential non-invasive imaging tool for assessing the degree of carotid stenosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Frame Rate Vector Flow Imaging Technique: Initial Application in Evaluating the Hemodynamic Changes of Carotid Stenosis Caused by Atherosclerosis

Qiu

Dong

Mao

et al. 2021

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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“…On the PW Doppler spectrum, spurious spectral broadening can result from a large Doppler angle, a large sample volume (>3.5 mm), a sample volume located close to the vessel wall, or a high PW Doppler gain setting ( 32 ). V Flow uses multi-directional ultrasound transmission and reception ( 9 ) based on plane wave and focus wave interleaved scanning ( 11 ). The actual direction of the velocity is reconstructed by the velocity components from different directions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…sin θ i N: number of velocity measuring points in the ROI, θ i : flow velocity angle at ith measuring point, and Tur indices ranged from 0 to 1 (0-100%), 0 indicates pure laminar flow which means that all flow directions are exactly the same. The bigger the Tur is, the more turbulent the flow is (11).…”

Section: Flow Ultrasound Assessment Of Canine Femoral Arterymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, neither the color Doppler image nor the spectral Doppler waveform assessment is quantitative. Recently, high frame rate vector flow imaging (V Flow) has become available (9)(10)(11) and it is capable to quantitatively evaluate flow turbulence (11,12). Most published studies using V Flow have been investigations on carotid arteries for blood flow visualization, wall shear stress measurement and volume flow estimation, as well as in the assessment of arterial stenosis before and after carotid artery stenting (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantitative Evaluation of Post-stenotic Blood Flow Disturbance in Canine Femoral Artery Stenosis Model: An Early Experience With Vector Flow Imaging

Zhao¹,

Zheng²,

Wang³

et al. 2022

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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ObjectiveTo investigate the value of Vector Flow Imaging (V Flow) in the assessment of post-stenotic turbulence in the canine arterial stenosis model.Materials and MethodsCanine femoral artery stenosis models were established using ameroid constrictors in 12 beagle dogs. 50% and then 70% femoral artery stenoses were confirmed by selective femoral artery angiography. V Flow was used to measure femoral artery flow turbulence index (Tur) preoperatively as a baseline. After establishing of a 50% and then 70% stenoses, the Tur indices were recorded in the femoral artery at 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, and 19 mm distal to the stenosis.ResultsBaseline Tur indices of normal canine femoral arteries were <1% in 11 of 12 cases (91.7%). Distal to a 50% stenosis, the Tur index (>1%) was recorded in 83.3–100% cases between 1 and 9 mm, 41.7–58.3% between 11 and 17 mm, and 16.7% at 19 mm. For a 70% stenosis, the Tur index (>1%) occurred in 81.8–100% cases between 1 and 17 mm distal to the stenosis, and 63.6% at 19 mm. The Tur index peaked around 7 mm or 2.3 times of the initial vessel diameter (3 mm) downstream for a 50% stenosis and 11 mm or 3.7 times of vessel diameter downstream for a 70% stenosis.ConclusionV Flow with Tur index measurement adds quantitative information of post-stenotic turbulence when assessing an arterial stenosis with ultrasound. Tur index of 1% seems a useful threshold for assessment of flow turbulence in this small sample study. Further studies with larger sample size are needed to evaluate the value of V Flow in clinical applications.

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Precise evaluation of blood flow patterns in human carotid bifurcation based on high‐frame‐rate vector flow imaging

Hong

Dong

Song

et al. 2023

J of Clinical Ultrasound

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Purpose To investigate the feasibility of high‐frame‐rate vector flow imaging (HiFR‐VFI) compared to ultrasound color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) for precisely evaluating flow characteristics in the carotid bifurcation (CB) of presumed healthy adults. Methods Forty‐three volunteers were assessed for flow characteristics and their extensions using HiFR‐VFI and CDFI in CBs. The flow patterns were classified according to the streamlines in HiFR‐VFI and quantitatively measured using an innovative turbulence index (Tur‐value). Interobserver agreement was also assessed. Results HiFR‐VFI was consistent with CDFI in detecting laminar and nonlaminar flow in 81.4% of the cases; however, in 18.6% of the cases, only HiFR‐VFI identified the nonlaminar flow. HiFR‐VFI showed a larger extension of complex flow (0.37 ± 0.26 cm2) compared to CDFI (0.22 ± 0.21 cm2; p < 0.05). The flow patterns were classified into four types: 3 type‐I (laminar flow), 35 type‐II (rotational flow), 27 type‐III (reversed flow), and 5 type‐IV (complex flow). The Tur‐value of type‐IV (50.03 ± 14.97)% is larger than type‐III (44.57 ± 8.89)%, type‐II (16.30 ± 8.16)%, and type‐I (1.48 ± 1.43)% (p < 0.05). Two radiologists demonstrated almost perfect interobserver agreement on recognizing the change of streamlines (κ = 0.81, p < 0.001). The intraclass correlation coefficient of the Tur‐value was 0.98. Conclusion HiFR‐VFI can reliably characterize complex hemodynamics with quantitative turbulence measurement and may be an auxiliary diagnostic tool for assessing atherosclerotic arterial disease.

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High Frame Rate Vector Flow Imaging: Development as a New Diagnostic Mode on a Clinical Scanner

Cited by 17 publications

References 17 publications

High-Frame Rate Vector Flow Imaging Technique: Initial Application in Evaluating the Hemodynamic Changes of Carotid Stenosis Caused by Atherosclerosis

High-Frame Rate Vector Flow Imaging Technique: Initial Application in Evaluating the Hemodynamic Changes of Carotid Stenosis Caused by Atherosclerosis

Quantitative Evaluation of Post-stenotic Blood Flow Disturbance in Canine Femoral Artery Stenosis Model: An Early Experience With Vector Flow Imaging

Precise evaluation of blood flow patterns in human carotid bifurcation based on high‐frame‐rate vector flow imaging

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