High flux thin film nanocomposite membranes based on porous organic polymers for nanofiltration

Microscopy and Spectroscopy Techniques for Characterization of Polymeric Membranes

“…SEM is an excellent tool for analyzing composite membranes made from two or more polymers. Usually, a thin layer of the selective polymer is deposited over a porous support for better mechanical properties [16]. Examining the cross-section surface can give information about the structure of the two polymers.…”

2D nanosheet enabled thin film nanocomposite membranes for freshwater production – a review

“…2 Polycondensation reactions of polyamine monomers and polyacyl halides at the interface lead to formation of the PA layer. 1 The most common organic phase monomer used is trimesoylchloride (TMC), while metaphenylenediamine (MPD) and piperazine (PIP) are used as aqueous phase monomers to fabricate the aromatic PA layer for RO and aliphatic polypiperazine amide (PPA) layer for NF. 22,38 As shown in Fig.…”

“…The PA layer is formed by Interfacial Polymerization (IP) at the interface between an aqueous and an organic phase containing otherwise insoluble self-reactive monomers. 1 The PA layer governs the physiochemical properties and separation performance of TFC membranes and is optimized by controlling the free volume across this layer to enable specific salt rejection but allow water transport upon overcoming the osmotic pressure of a solution.…”

Commonly used Polymers for Separation Science

“…Average pore size is calculated with MATLAB software. Composite membranes made of two or more than two polymers can also be analyzed by SEM [32]. A porous support holds a thin layer of selective polymer and cross-section surface examination gives structural information of two polymers.…”