High-Fidelity and High-Speed Wavefront Shaping through Complex Media via Sparsity-Constrained Optimization

Abstract

Achieving high-precision light manipulation is crucial for delivering information through complex media with high fidelity. However, existing spatial light modulation devices face a fundamental tradeoff between speed and accuracy, limiting their use in various real-time and qualitydemanding applications. To address this challenge, we propose a physics-based sparsity-constrained optimization framework for enhancing projection quality through complex media at a full DMD frame rate of 22 kHz. By addressing the limited degrees of freedom, scattering effect, and ill-posed and ill-conditioned nature of the inverse problem, our method achieves solutions with higher feasibility, optimality, and better numerical stability simultaneously. In addition, our method is system-agnositc and generalizable, showing consistent performance across different types of complex media. These results demonstrate the potential of our method in paving the way for high-fidelity and highspeed wavefront shaping in complex media, enabling a wide range of applications, such as non-invasive deep brain imaging, high-speed holographic optogenetics, and miniaturized fiber-based 3D printing devices.