High fecal carriage of blaCTX-M, blaCMY-2, and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes among healthy Korean people in a metagenomic analysis

Kim, Jieun; Park, Kye Yeung; Park, Hoon Ki; Hwang, Hwan Sik; Seo, Minah; Kim, Bongyoung; Cho, Youna; Rho, Mina; Pai, Hyunjoo

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-84974-4

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The global dissemination of the bla CTX-M gene has been reported in hospital settings, communities, livestock, and companion animals (Jamborova et al, 2018). In addition, the bla CTX-M-27 containing isolates have also been widely reported in other Asian countries, including Japanese and Korean hospitals, suggesting regional transmission of these ESBL genes (Miyagi and Hirai, 2019;Kim et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of microbial community and antibiotic resistome in intra urban water, Wenzhou China

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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The present study investigated the water quality index, microbial composition and antimicrobial resistance genes in urban water habitats. Combined chemicals testing, metagenomic analyses and qualitative PCR (qPCR) were conducted on 20 locations, including rivers from hospital surrounds (n = 7), community surrounds (n = 7), and natural wetlands (n = 6). Results showed that the indexes of total nitrogen, phosphorus, and ammonia nitrogen of hospital waters were 2–3 folds high than that of water from wetlands. Bioinformatics analysis revealed a total of 1,594 bacterial species from 479 genera from the three groups of water samples. The hospital-related samples had the greatest number of unique genera, followed by those from wetlands and communities. The hospital-related samples contained a large number of bacteria associated with the gut microbiome, including Alistipes, Prevotella, Klebsiella, Escherichia, Bacteroides, and Faecalibacterium, which were all significantly enriched compared to samples from the wetlands. Nevertheless, the wetland waters enriched bacteria from Nanopelagicus, Mycolicibacterium and Gemmatimonas, which are typically associated with aquatic environments. The presence of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) that were associated with different species origins in each water sample was observed. The majority of ARGs from hospital-related samples were carried by bacteria from Acinetobacter, Aeromonas and various genera from Enterobacteriaceae, which each was associated with multiple ARGs. In contrast, the ARGs that were exclusively in samples from communities and wetlands were carried by species that encoded only 1 to 2 ARGs each and were not normally associated with human infections. The qPCR showed that water samples of hospital surrounds had higher concentrations of intI1 and antimicrobial resistance genes such as tetA, ermA, ermB, qnrB, sul1, sul2 and other beta-lactam genes. Further genes of functional metabolism reported that the enrichment of genes associated with the degradation/utilization of nitrate and organic phosphodiester were detected in water samples around hospitals and communities compared to those from wetlands. Finally, correlations between the water quality indicators and the number of ARGs were evaluated. The presence of total nitrogen, phosphorus, and ammonia nitrogen were significantly correlated with the presence of ermA and sul1. Furthermore, intI1 exhibited a significant correlation with ermB, sul1, and blaSHV, indicating a prevalence of ARGs in urban water environments might be due to the integron intI1’s diffusion-promoting effect. However, the high abundance of ARGs was limited to the waters around the hospital, and we did not observe the geographical transfer of ARGs along with the river flow. This may be related to water purifying capacity of natural riverine wetlands. Taken together, continued surveillance is required to assess the risk of bacterial horizontal transmission and its potential impact on public health in the current region.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of microbial community and antibiotic resistome in intra urban water, Wenzhou China

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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“…Almost all of the CIP-resistant strains were also resistant to moxifloxacin, norfloxacin, and levofloxacin. This may be related to the fact that these antibiotics are commonly used to treat gastroenteritis in adults [ 22 ]. Furthermore, low-dose antibiotics are added to animal feed as growth promoters and, while providing economic benefits, this accelerates the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria [ 13 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Carriage Rate of the Multiple Resistant Plasmids Harboring Quinolone Resistance Genes in Enterobacter spp. Isolated from Healthy Individuals

Long

Lü

et al. 2021

Antibiotics

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Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria causing intractable and even fatal infections are a major health concern. Resistant bacteria residing in the intestinal tract of healthy individuals present a silent threat because of frequent transmission via conjugation and transposition. Plasmids harboring quinolone resistance genes are increasingly detected in clinical isolates worldwide. Here, we investigated the molecular epidemiology of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) in Gram-negative bacteria from healthy service trade workers. From 157 rectal swab samples, 125 ciprofloxacin-resistant strains, including 112 Escherichia coli, 10 Klebsiella pneumoniae, two Proteus mirabilis, and one Citrobacter braakii, were isolated. Multiplex PCR screening identified 39 strains harboring the PMQR genes (including 17 qnr,19 aac(6′)-Ib-cr, and 22 oqxA/oqxB). The genome and plasmid sequences of 39 and 31 strains, respectively, were obtained by short- and long-read sequencing. PMQR genes mainly resided in the IncFIB, IncFII, and IncR plasmids, and coexisted with 3–11 other resistance genes. The high PMQR gene carriage rate among Gram-negative bacteria isolated from healthy individuals suggests the high-frequency transmission of these genes via plasmids, along with other resistance genes. Thus, healthy individuals may spread antibiotic-resistant bacterial, highlighting the need for improved monitoring and control of the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes in healthy individuals.

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“…A total of 114 metagenome samples were used: 53 from healthy infants and children (1–13 years) and 61 from healthy adults ( Figure 1 ). Sequencing data from healthy adults were obtained from our previous study ( Kim et al, 2021 ). Healthy adults aged 30–59 years, with a Charlson comorbidity score of zero, who visited health screening services from June–October 2017 were sampled for this study ( Kim et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sequencing data from healthy adults were obtained from our previous study ( Kim et al, 2021 ). Healthy adults aged 30–59 years, with a Charlson comorbidity score of zero, who visited health screening services from June–October 2017 were sampled for this study ( Kim et al, 2021 ). Faecal samples were collected from healthy infants and children aged <13 years enrolled in the national immunization program between October–December 2019.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different maturation of gut microbiome in Korean children

Kim

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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IntroductionGut microbiome plays a crucial role in maintaining human health and is influenced by food intake, age, and other factors.MethodsIn this study based in Korea, we examined the bacterial taxonomic composition of the gut microbiota in infants (≤ 1 year), toddlers (1–<4 years), and school-aged children (4–13 years) and compared them with those of healthy adults to investigate the microbiota changes in early life and their association with the resistome. We used whole metagenome sequences obtained by Illumina HiSeq sequencing and clinical information of 53 healthy children, and sequence data of 61 adults from our previous study.ResultsOur results indicate that the bacterial proportion of the gut in the population ranging from infants to adults forms three clusters: the Ruminococcus-Eubacterium (G1), Bifidobacterium-Escherichia (G2), and Bacteroides-Faecalibacterium (G3) groups. The gut microbiota of infants and toddlers (100% of infants and 85% of toddlers) constituted mostly of G2 and G3 groups, whereas 90% of adults showed G1-type gut microbiota. School-aged children showed a transitional gut microbiota composition of both infants and adults (31%, 38%, and 31% in G1, G2, and G3, respectively). Notably, the three clusters of microbiota showed significantly different patterns of bacterial diversity (p < 0.001): G2 showed the lowest Shannon index, followed by G3 and G1 (1.41, 2.08, and 2.48, respectively; median Shannon index). When combined with the adult group, alpha diversity showed a positive correlation with age (R2 = 0.3). Furthermore, clustering the composition of antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) identified two clusters (A1 and A2), and most of G1 (95%) and G3 (80%) belonged to A1. However, G2 showed the least diversity and the highest abundance of ARGs. Nine ARG families showed a significant difference among age groups; three tetracycline resistance genes, tet32, tetO, and tetW, showed a positive correlation, and six other genes, ampC, TEM, ileS, bacA, pmr transferase, and cepA, showed a negative correlation with age.DiscussionIn conclusion, our results highlighted that a delayed persistence of the Bifidobacterium-dominant enterotype with a lower bacterial diversity was observed in Korean children up to 13 years of age, which suggests a different maturation process with a delayed maturation time.

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High fecal carriage of blaCTX-M, blaCMY-2, and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes among healthy Korean people in a metagenomic analysis

Cited by 3 publications

References 30 publications

Characterization of microbial community and antibiotic resistome in intra urban water, Wenzhou China

Characterization of microbial community and antibiotic resistome in intra urban water, Wenzhou China

High Carriage Rate of the Multiple Resistant Plasmids Harboring Quinolone Resistance Genes in Enterobacter spp. Isolated from Healthy Individuals

Different maturation of gut microbiome in Korean children

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