High Fat/High Glucose Diet Induces Metabolic Syndrome in an Experimental Rat Model

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined as a constellation of many metabolic disorders such as hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia and obesity, being this last disorder a key factor in the etiology of the syndrome. The widespread of MetS in actual society, mainly in developed countries, is becoming an important health problem and is increasing the need to develop new treatments against this pathology is increasing fast. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the MetS-associated alterations developed in a new glucose diet-induced-obesity (DIO) rodent model. These alterations were also compared to those alterations developed in a fructose-DIO rodent model. Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Control (C), High-fat (HF), High-fat/high-fructose (HFF) and High-fat/high-glucose (HFG). The animals were fed ad libitum for 20 weeks. At the end of the study, HFG animals showed lower expression of energy expenditure genes when compared to the other DIO groups. Oxidative stress biomarkers such as MDA and mitochondrial RT-qPCR analyses showed an increase of oxidative damage together with mitochondrial dysfunction in HFG group. This group also showed increased insulin and glucose plasma levels, though HFF animals showed the greatest increase on these parameters. All DIO groups showed increased plasma levels of triglycerides. Altogether, our results indicated a better impact of glucose than fructose, when combined with a high-fat diet, to induce most of the alterations associated with MetS in rats. In addition, our research facilitates a new animal model to evaluate future treatments for MetS.

Novel Pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidine‐Containing Amide Derivatives: Synthesis, Molecular Docking, In Vitro and In Vivo Antidiabetic Activity

“…DM is a metabolic disorder that affects the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and protein. It is characterized by increased blood glucose levels . Patients with diabetes disorder are not able to properly metabolize glucose in their body and are categorized as Type‐I, Type‐II (T2DM) and gestational diabetes.…”

Effect of high-fructose diet-induced metabolic syndrome on the pituitary-gonadal axis from adolescence through adulthood in male albino rats and the possible protective role of ginger extract. A biochemical, histological and immunohistochemical study

“…The wide spread of MetS is becoming a crucial health problem and hence the need to develop new treatments against this syndrome and its consequences, is increasing fast [54]. The worldwide prevalence of MetS emerged not only as a predictor of cardiovascular disease but also as a potential contributing factor to male infertility [82].…”

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“…The results of the study prove that the administration of the HFHG diet is more effective in increasing fasting blood glucose and plasma insulin levels, and increasing the production of free radicals compared to the HFHF or HG or HF diet alone. These conditions describe the initial conditions of metabolic syndrome [22]. The HF diet used in this study refers to the results of research conducted by Murwani et al The results show that the atherogenic diet for 8 weeks causes an increase in blood cholesterol levels and increases the formation of foam cells in rats [11].…”

“…The FFA will be converted into a CoA long chain and Diasylgycerol (DAG) will open calcium channels in the cell membrane. Increased levels of calcium ions will activate the Protein Kinase C (PKC) pathway thereby increasing insulin secretion [22]. HFHF diet or high-fat high-glucose (HFHG) diet is widely used to induce the occurrence of glucose and fat metabolism disorders in humans and animals.…”

“…Fructose levels in drinks or food are called high if more than 10% of total calories [12]. Fernandes, et al, proves that the administration of 25% fructose dose caused rats to not drink because fructose stimulates the center of satiety [22].…”