High-fat Diet Promotes Cardiac Remodeling in an Experimental Model of Obesity

Abstract

BackgroundAlthough nutritional, metabolic and cardiovascular abnormalities are commonly seen in experimental studies of obesity, it is uncertain whether these effects result from the treatment or from body adiposity.ObjectiveTo evaluate the influence of treatment and body composition on metabolic and cardiovascular aspects in rats receiving high saturated fat diet.MethodsSixteen Wistar rats were used, distributed into two groups, the control (C) group, treated with isocaloric diet (2.93 kcal/g) and an obese (OB) group, treated with high-fat diet (3.64 kcal/g). The study period was 20 weeks. Analyses of nutritional behavior, body composition, glycemia, cholesterolemia, lipemia, systolic arterial pressure, echocardiography, and cardiac histology were performed.ResultsHigh-fat diet associates with manifestations of obesity, accompanied by changes in glycemia, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and myocardial interstitial fibrosis. After adjusting for adiposity, the metabolic effects were normalized, whereas differences in morphometric changes between groups were maintained.ConclusionsIt was concluded that adiposity body composition has a stronger association with metabolic disturbances in obese rodents, whereas the high-fat dietary intervention is found to be more related to cardiac morphological changes in experimental models of diet-induced obesity.

Saturated high-fat diet-induced obesity increases adenylate cyclase of myocardial β -adrenergic system and does not compromise cardiac function

“…In accordance with our echocardiographic results, Lima- observed systolic function improvement in obese rats induced by unsaturated high-fat diet (UHFD) in the period of 30 weeks; authors suggest that the increase in FS and PWSV may be related to decreased after load and improved LV contractility; in addition, Oliveira Junior et al (2013) revealed, in obese rats by UHFD during 20 weeks, improved left ventricular systolic performance assessed by FS. In opposition, studies performed in obesity induced by SHFD (Okere et al 2006;Martins et al 2015) and UHFD (Carroll et al 2006;Okere et al 2006;Medei et al 2010), which vary from 8 to 20 weeks of treatment, showed no functional changes; however, other authors reported cardiac dysfunction in mice fed with UHFD for 20 weeks (Park et al 2005;Cao et al 2016), as well as Relling et al (2006), using obese rats in 12 weeks of treatment with high-fat diet. The papillary muscle results of current investigation showed that obesity did not cause dysfunction when it was evaluated at baseline condition and on stimulation by isoproterenol.…”

Inflammatory Links Between High Fat Diets and Diseases

“…Although some controversy still exists, an increasing number of studies have highlighted the crucial effects of HFDs on the development of CVD ( 42 , 43 ). For instance, administration of HFDs (20 g of fat/100 g of diet) to adult male rats for 30 days led to simultaneous increase in nitric oxide (NO) production and oxidative stress, causing the augmentation of infarct size after myocardial infarction ( 43 ).…”

Peculiarities of hemodynamic parameters and structural-functional remodeling of the left ventricle in patients with hypertension and obesity

“…Obesity is a factor that worsens the course of hypertension and speeds up the development of changes in the structure of the heart muscle [5,9]. Excess body weight in a certain way also affects the development of geometric remodeling and the emergence of myocardial dysfunction in patients with HT [4,6,8].…”