High fat diet partially attenuates fermentation responses in rats fed resistant starch from high-amylose maize

Abstract

Objective The effects of type 2 resistant starch from high-amylose maize (HAM-RS2) in rodents fed with low-fat diets were demonstrated in previous studies. Fish oil is also reported to reduce body fat. In the current study, the effects of high fat and fish oil on HAM-RS2 feeding in rats were investigated. Design and Methods Rats were fed 0 or 27% (weight) HAM-RS2 with low (15% energy) or high fat (42% energy) diets that included 0 or 10% (energy) tuna oil to test the effect of HAM-RS2 in diet-induced obesity and effects of tuna oil. Data were analyzed as 2 × 2 × 2 factorial. Results Rats fed HAM-RS2 had decreased cecal contents pH, increased cecal and cecal contents weight, increased cecal contents acetate, propionate, and butyrate, increased GLP-1 and PYY, and decreased abdominal fat. However, high fat partially attenuated effects of HAM-RS2, but increased GLP-1 active. Dietary tuna oil had limited effects at concentration used. Conclusions Results demonstrated that a high fat diet partially attenuates the response to HAM-RS2. The mechanism may center on reduced levels of cecal contents propionate and butyrate and reduced serum PYY. This study demonstrated that with consumption of high fat, HAM-RS2 produces fermentation but results in partial attenuation of effects.

How gut microbes talk to organs: The role of endocrine and nervous routes

“…Most of these findings have been confirmed with different non-digestible carbohydrates (i.e., resistant starches and arabinoxylans) and will not be discussed in the present review [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33], [34].…”

Obese ZDF rats fermented resistant starch with effects on gut microbiota but no reduction in abdominal fat

“…We have previously reported that fermentation of RS occurs in several rodent models , but not in two obese mouse models of polygenic obesity, New Zealand Obese (NONcNZO10/LtJ) and NON/ShiLtJ . Considering these results, we hypothesized that an animal model of obesity and diabetes, obese ZDF rats, may be dysbiotic and poorly ferment RS (poor fermentation of RS would be indicated by cecal contents pH usually above 7 and good fermentation below 6.5) . However, our alternate hypothesis was that if obese ZDF rats could ferment RS, then the fermentation would be associated with some reduction in abdominal fat and increased insulin sensitivity in the rats.…”

“…However, our alternate hypothesis was that if obese ZDF rats could ferment RS, then the fermentation would be associated with some reduction in abdominal fat and increased insulin sensitivity in the rats. Several of our previous studies demonstrated reduced body fat was associated with fermentation of RS in studies with Sprague Dawley rats , C57BL/6J mice , and Goto‐Kakazaki (GK) rats . There was also increased insulin sensitivity and pancreatic mass in the (GK) rat, which is a lean model of type 2 diabetes .…”

Obese Mice Fed a Diet Supplemented with Enzyme-Treated Wheat Bran Display Marked Shifts in the Liver Metabolome Concurrent with Altered Gut Bacteria

“…Indeed, in the current study, there were marked ETWB-related changes in host physiology and liver metabolism that were concurrent with gut microbiome shifts, with no difference in total cecal SCFA abundance, indicating that factors independent of SCFAs were involved. Potential explanations for the lack of change in SCFAs include the following: impairment of microbial fermentation due to the presence of high fat in the diet (82) and increased uptake and utilization by colonic epithelial cells and/or bacteria. Beyond SCFAs, we identified a variety of candidate xenometabolites that are altered by changes in the gut bacteria and that reach the systemic circulation.…”