High-fat diet induced central adiposity (visceral fat) is associated with increased fibrosis and decreased immune cellularity of the mesenteric lymph node in mice

Magnuson, Aaron; Regan, Daniel P.; Booth, Andrea; Fouts, Josephine K.; Solt, Claudia M.; Hill, Jessica L.; Dow, Steve W.; Foster, Michelle T.

doi:10.1007/s00394-019-02019-z

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Importantly, the function of the immune system may be restored with weight loss in mice [26]. A recent study demonstrated a significant increase in the size of visceral lymph nodes in mice fed a high fat diet compared to mice fed a normal diet [27]. Although these findings have not been evaluated in humans, recent studies suggest that there is a likely correlation between lymphatic dysfunction and hyperlipidemia and the current gap in our understanding of this association has been identified as a major goal for future research [28,29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decrease in the Size of Fat-Enlarged Axillary Lymph Nodes and Serum Lipids after Bariatric Surgery

Dwan

Ramin

Chen

et al. 2022

Cells

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Background: Ectopic fat deposition in obesity is associated with organ dysfunction; however, little is known about fat deposition within the lymphatic system and associated lymphatic dysfunction. Methods: One hundred fifty-five women who underwent routine screening mammography before and after a Roux-en-y gastric bypass or a sleeve gastrectomy were retrospectively reviewed and after excluding women without visible nodes both before and after bariatric surgery, 84 patients were included in the final analysis. Axillary lymph node size, patient weight in kilograms, body mass index, and a diagnosis of hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and dyslipidemia were evaluated before and after surgery. Binary linear regression models and Fischer’s exact test were used to evaluate the relationship between the size of fat-infiltrated axillary lymph nodes, patient age, change in patient weight, and diagnosis of hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Results: Fat-infiltrated axillary lymph nodes demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in size after bariatric surgery with a mean decrease of 4.23 mm (95% CI: 3.23 to 5.2, p < 0.001). The resolution of dyslipidemia was associated with a decrease in lymph node size independent of weight loss (p = 0.006). Conclusions: Mammographically visualized fat-infiltrated axillary lymph nodes demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in size after bariatric surgery. The decrease in lymph node size was significantly associated with the resolution of dyslipidemia, independent of weight loss, age, and type of surgery.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decrease in the Size of Fat-Enlarged Axillary Lymph Nodes and Serum Lipids after Bariatric Surgery

Dwan

Ramin

Chen

et al. 2022

Cells

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“…However, previous studies in the general population demonstrated that being overweight or obese increased the risk of infection, including UTI, in children and adults [ 30 , 31 , 32 ]. This infection risk has been proposed to be related to chronic low-grade inflammation and immune dysfunction as a result of excessive adipose tissue-induced lymphatic system dysregulation [ 33 , 34 , 35 ]. Another possible explanation for increased UTI risk observed with high BMI in our study is the relatively higher dose of immunosuppressive medications given to these recipients, especially MPA and prednisolone, where routine therapeutic drug monitoring strategies are lacking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Urinary Tract Infection and Early Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Kidney Transplantation Still Negatively Affect Kidney Transplant Outcomes in the Era of Modern Immunosuppression and Cotrimoxazole Prophylaxis

et al. 2022

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Risk factors and consequences of urinary tract infection (UTI) post-kidney transplant have been variously reported by studies that were heterogenous in immunosuppressants and prophylactic protocols. We aimed to clarify the risks and consequences of UTI in kidney transplant recipients with post-transplantation cotrimoxazole prophylaxis in the context of modern immunosuppression. This retrospective cohort included kidney transplant recipients receiving tacrolimus, mycophenolate, prednisolone, and cotrimoxazole for bacterial UTI prophylaxis. Recipients were categorized into non-UTI and UTI groups. Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) was screened in the first 3 months and was evaluated for association with UTI. Of 348 kidney transplant recipients, 129 were in the UTI group and 219 in the non-UTI group. UTI risk factors were female sex, body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2, human leukocyte antigen mismatch, and panel reactive antibody ≥ 50%. Recipients with recurrent UTI had inferior allograft function compared with non-UTI recipients. Patient survival was significantly lower in recipients with UTI in the first post-transplant month. Higher degree of immunosuppressions was associated with recurrent UTI and drug-resistant organisms. In conclusion, UTI continues to negatively affect graft function and survival of kidney transplant recipients. Treating ASB in the first 3 months did not reduce the UTI incidence in the first transplantation year.

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“…It would be of interest to study the defects in MA mitochondrial functions via mitochondrial redox balance by free radicals, glutamate/glutamine, indicators of programmed death, or the amount of ATP determination in the future. There are several explanations of the link between white adipocytes, inflammation, and redox balance which is essential to maintain metabolic homeostasis and structural-functional integrity of adipocytes, capillary endothelial cells, and fibroblasts in the mesentery (Lefranc et al, 2018;Ma et al, 2018;Magnuson et al, 2020). It has been suggested that dysregulated adipocyte-to-macrophage mitochondria transfer axis leads to obesity (Miliotis et al, 2019;Brestoff et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Sulfide Prevents Mesenteric Adipose Tissue Damage, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Redox Imbalance From High Fructose Diet-Induced Injury in Aged Rats

et al. 2021

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A high fructose diet (HFD) and advanced age are key factors for the gradual loss of physiological integrity of adipose tissue. Endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has beneficial effects on cytoprotection and redox balance. But its interactive effects on age-related damage of mesenteric vessels and connective and adipose tissues (MA) during HFD which could be the base of the development of effective physiological-based therapeutic strategy are unknown. The aim of study was to investigate age- and HFD-induced mesenteric cellular changes and activities of enzymes in H2S synthesis and to test the effects of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) which is considered an H2S donor on them. Adult and aged male rats on a standard diet (SD) or 4-week HFD were exposed to acute water-immersion restraint stress (WIRS) for evaluation of mesenteric subcellular and cellular adaptive responses by electron microscopy. The effects of exogenous NaHS (5.6 mg/kg/day for 9 days) versus vehicle on mesentery changes were investigated. Serum glucose level, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and activities of cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) and cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), thiosulfate-dithiol sulfurtransferase (TST), and sulfite oxidase (SO) were examined by spectrophotometry. In both adult and aged SD groups, treatment with NaHS protected mesenteric cells after WIRS. In both groups, the treatment with NaHS also protected MA mitochondria, microvascular endothelial and sub-endothelial structures, and fibroblasts versus the vehicle-treated group that had signs of damage. HFD increased MA injury and mitochondrial changes in both aged and adult rats. HFD-associated malfunction is characterized by low activities of CSE, CBS, TST, SO, and increased TBARS. Finally, we demonstrated that pretreatment with NaHS inhibited MA and mitochondria alterations in aged rats exposed to HFD and WIRS, lowered TBARS, and enhanced H2S enzyme activities in contrast to the vehicle-treated group. Mitochondrial integrity alterations, endothelial damage, and redox imbalance are key factors for rat mesenteric adipose tissue damage during advanced age. These alterations and MA hypertrophic changes retain the central for HFD-induced damage. Moreover, H2S signaling contributes to MA and mitochondria redox balance that is crucial for advanced age and HFD injury. The future study of H2S donors’ effects on mesenteric cells is fundamental to define novel therapeutic strategies against metabolic changes.

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High-fat diet induced central adiposity (visceral fat) is associated with increased fibrosis and decreased immune cellularity of the mesenteric lymph node in mice

Cited by 17 publications

References 44 publications

Decrease in the Size of Fat-Enlarged Axillary Lymph Nodes and Serum Lipids after Bariatric Surgery

Decrease in the Size of Fat-Enlarged Axillary Lymph Nodes and Serum Lipids after Bariatric Surgery

Bacterial Urinary Tract Infection and Early Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Kidney Transplantation Still Negatively Affect Kidney Transplant Outcomes in the Era of Modern Immunosuppression and Cotrimoxazole Prophylaxis

Hydrogen Sulfide Prevents Mesenteric Adipose Tissue Damage, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Redox Imbalance From High Fructose Diet-Induced Injury in Aged Rats

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