High Fat Diet Exaggerate Metabolic and Reproductive PCOS Features by Promoting Oxidative Stress: An Improved EV Model in Rats

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a frequent multifactorial endocrinopathy affecting women in the reproductive period, often associated with infertility and metabolic disorders. The use of animal models helps to better understand etiopathogenesis, enabling the examination of the effects of certain drugs in order to discover the best possible therapeutic approach. We tried to investigate the additional effect of estradiol-valerate (EV) and high-fat diet (HFD) in female rats to explore PCOS-related alterations with special focus on oxidative stress. Materials and Methods: Animals were divided into three groups: control group (CTRL, n = 6), estradiol-valerate group (EV, n = 6), and estradiol-valerate group on HFD (EV + HFD, n = 6). PCOS was induced by single subcutaneous injection of long-acting EV in a dose of 4 mg/per rat. We tried to improve the metabolic characteristics of the PCOS animal model by adding HFD, so the CTRL and EV group had a regular diet, while the EV + HFD group had HFD during the induction period of 60 days. Results: We observed alterations of anthropometric parameters and hormonal disturbances, along with estrus cycle impairment reassembly to obese-type PCOS phenotype. Moreover, glucose metabolism was impaired after addition of HFD to EV protocol, contrary to EV administered alone. Histological analysis confirmed more numerous cystic follicles after the combination of EV and HFD protocol. The alterations of oxidative stress markers could be related to and serve as the mechanistic base for development of PCOS-related endocrine, reproductive, and metabolic properties. Conclusions: The additive effect of EV and HFD was obvious in the majority of the parameters observed. Our study strongly demonstrated metabolic as well as reproductive properties of PCOS in rats.

Chromatographic Analyses of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) and Mechanism of Its Protective Effects against Experimental Obesity and Hepatic Steatosis in Rats

“…On the other hand, our study confirmed that obesity and oxidative stress are closely linked; this was demonstrated by an increased lipid peroxidation, decreased antioxidant enzyme activities, such as SOD, CAT, and GPx, as well as depletions in non-enzymatic antioxidants such as the -SH group and GSH. These data align with previous reports indicating that liver steatosis is associated with adipose tissue ROS production [17,73,74]. Indeed, the mechanisms underlying non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are induced by a perturbation in the mitochondrial metabolism, leading to the overproduction of ROS in the liver [73].…”

Unraveling the Impact of Extracellular Vesicle-Depleted Serum on Endothelial Cell Characteristics over Time

“…EVs have been found to stimulate cell proliferation, angiogenesis, protein expression, molecular transport, and apoptosis [33,34,37,43,50,51]. EVs are also implicated in various pathological conditions like cancer, metabolic disorders, and inflammatory lung diseases, transmitting information between stromal, immune, and dysfunctional cells, thereby influencing pathogenesis and outcomes [52][53][54]. They are also associated with a wide range of other pathologies, including cardiovascular, renal, and musculoskeletal diseases [55][56][57].…”

Exploring the Antioxidative Effects of Ginger and Cinnamon: A Comprehensive Review of Evidence and Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and Other Oxidative Stress-Related Disorders

“…Under the influence of insulin, the ratio of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and LH changes, and the level of LH increases significantly. LH hypersecretion stimulates the cells to produce androgens and reduces the effect of FSH [9].…”