High Fat Diet Dysregulates Hypothalamic‐Pituitary Axis Gene Expression Levels which are Differentially Rescued by EPA and DHA Ethyl Esters

Shaikh, Saame Raza; Shaver, Patti R.; Shewchuk, Brian M.

doi:10.1002/mnfr.201800219

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(103 reference statements)

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“…To lead this process, known also as oogenesis, the female gonads enroll cells surrounding the oocyte, which constitute the somatic compartment of the ovarian follicle unit. Specifically, a finely regulated release of endocrine and paracrine factors, acting on and released from the theca and granulosa cell layers of the follicle, are required for the completion of a synchronous follicle–oocyte development during the estrous or menstrual cycle in mammals [ 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: High-fat Diet Influence On Female Reproductive Endocrine Con...mentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Fat Diet and Female Fertility across Lifespan: A Comparative Lesson from Mammal Models

et al. 2022

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Female reproduction focuses mainly on achieving fully grown follicles and competent oocytes to be successfully fertilized, as well as on nourishing the developing offspring once pregnancy occurs. Current evidence demonstrates that obesity and/or high-fat diet regimes can perturbate these processes, leading to female infertility and transgenerational disorders. Since the mechanisms and reproductive processes involved are not yet fully clarified, the present review is designed as a systematic and comparative survey of the available literature. The available data demonstrate the adverse influences of obesity on diverse reproductive processes, such as folliculogenesis, oogenesis, and embryo development/implant. The negative reproductive impact may be attributed to a direct action on reproductive somatic and germinal compartments and/or to an indirect influence mediated by the endocrine, metabolic, and immune axis control systems. Overall, the present review highlights the fragmentation of the current information limiting the comprehension of the reproductive impact of a high-fat diet. Based on the incidence and prevalence of obesity in the Western countries, this topic becomes a research challenge to increase self-awareness of dietary reproductive risk to propose solid and rigorous preventive dietary regimes, as well as to develop targeted pharmacological interventions.

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Section: High-fat Diet Influence On Female Reproductive Endocrine Con...mentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Fat Diet and Female Fertility across Lifespan: A Comparative Lesson from Mammal Models

et al. 2022

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“…(23) In addition, a genetic study suggested that a high-fat diet not only affect the HPA axis but also alters all hormonal axis regulated by the pituitary gland which causes the augmentation of corticosterone production as a result of POMC gene transcription multiplication. (24) Our results indicate that a high-protein diet has the benefit of keeping the blood corticosterone level low. Indeed, young males who undergo strenuous training reportedly achieved low blood cortisol levels after consuming whey protein for six weeks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

High-fat Diet Increases Sprague-Dawley Corticosterone Blood Levels with Nominal Change in Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) Level with Signs of Increased Mesenteric Adiposity

et al. 2022

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BACKGROUND: Corticosterone is a common hormone in research involving rodents as it is used to indicate and measure stress levels. It was widely reported that certain dietary habits and components induce Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis activity, with corticosterone found in the bloodstream. Chronic corticosterone presence can portray signs and symptoms of certain endocrine. Certain food and chemicals were found to alter HPA axis activity leading to dysregulation of the HPA axis. Earlier studies have shown enhancement of the HPA axis to produce more glucocorticoids by an unbalanced diet. This study aims to shed more light on this subject.METHODS: Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups of seven each and were fed five respective diets (control, high-fat, high-protein, high-sugar, and high-starch), with tap water as drinking water ad libitum. After eight weeks, the rats were euthanized, blood was collected, and serum harvested and kept for analysis. Mesenteric fat was identified, harvested, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and set for viewing under light microscope. The hormones of interest which is adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone was extracted from the blood, to be processed accordingly and quantified using the High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with photodiode array (PDA) analysis technique.RESULTS: The results showed an increase in Sprague-Dawley corticosterone blood levels with a nominal change in ACTH level. Advanced hypertrophy was observed in mesenteric adipose tissue in the high-fat diet group compared to the other diet groups.CONCLUSION: This study confirms the negative effect of a high-fat diet on health from a hormonal and adipocyte perspective. A high-fat diet was found to instigate the HPA axis and influence blood corticosterone level.KEYWORDS: adrenocorticotrophic hormone, ACTH, corticosterone, mesenteric fat, diet

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“…DHA, which induces apoptosis by significantly increasing the ratio of cyclic (c)AMP/cGMP levels and promoting the expression of TLR-4 and PPAR-α in breast cancer, 52 also influences the expression of multiple HPA genes that are susceptible to the effects of high fat diet. 53 Metabolite kynurinine was dysregulated in NFPA samples and promoted brain tumor progression through local AhR activation. 54 These altered pathways and metabolites cause dysregulation of various important processes like angiogenesis, proliferation, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis to promote progression of NFPA.…”

Section: ■ Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Metabolite docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega 3 fatty acid, was mapped to a metabolic and signal transduction pathway, which is the product of alpha-linolenic acid. DHA, which induces apoptosis by significantly increasing the ratio of cyclic (c)AMP/cGMP levels and promoting the expression of TLR-4 and PPAR-α in breast cancer, also influences the expression of multiple HPA genes that are susceptible to the effects of high fat diet . Metabolite kynurinine was dysregulated in NFPA samples and promoted brain tumor progression through local AhR activation .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomics Profiling of Pituitary Adenomas by Raman Spectroscopy, Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, and Mass Spectrometry of Serum Samples

et al. 2022

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To date, no studies are available in which pituitary adenomas (PAs) have been studied using techniques like confocal Raman spectroscopy, attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) in the same serum samples. To understand the metabolomics fingerprint, Raman spectra of 16 acromegaly, 19 Cushing’s, and 33 nonfunctional PA (NFPA) and ATR-FTIR spectral acquisition of 16 acromegaly, 18 Cushing’s, and 22 NFPA patient’s serum samples were acquired. Next, Principal component-based linear discriminant analysis (PC-LDA) models were developed, Raman spectral analysis classified acromegaly with an accuracy of 79.17%, sensitivity of 75%, and specificity of 81.25%, Cushing’s with an accuracy of 66.67%, sensitivity of 100%, and specificity of 52.63%, and NFPA with an accuracy of 73.17%, sensitivity of 75%, and specificity of 72.73%. ATR-FTIR spectral analysis classified acromegaly with an accuracy of 95.83%, sensitivity of 100%, and specificity of 93.75%, Cushing’s with an accuracy of 65.38%, sensitivity of 87.5%, and specificity of 55.56%, and NFPA with an accuracy of 70%, sensitivity of 87.5%, and specificity of 43.75%. In either of the cases, healthy individual cohorts were clearly segregated from the disease cohort, which identified differential regulated regions of nucleic acids, lipids, amides, phosphates, and polysaccharide/C–C residue α helix regions. Furthermore, LC–MS/MS-based analysis of sera samples resulted in the identification of various sphingosine, lipids, acylcarnitines, amino acids, ethanolamine, choline, and their derivatives that differentially regulated in each tumor cohort. We believe cues obtained from the study may be used to generate the metabolite-based test to diagnose PAs from serum in addition to conventional techniques and also to understand disease biology for better disease management, point of care, and improving quality of life in PA patients.

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High Fat Diet Dysregulates Hypothalamic‐Pituitary Axis Gene Expression Levels which are Differentially Rescued by EPA and DHA Ethyl Esters

Abstract: A HF diet can affect H-P axis transcription, which can be mitigated in some genes by EPA and DHA, but not fish oil in most cases.

Cited by 7 publications

References 46 publications

High-Fat Diet and Female Fertility across Lifespan: A Comparative Lesson from Mammal Models

High-Fat Diet and Female Fertility across Lifespan: A Comparative Lesson from Mammal Models

High-fat Diet Increases Sprague-Dawley Corticosterone Blood Levels with Nominal Change in Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) Level with Signs of Increased Mesenteric Adiposity

Metabolomics Profiling of Pituitary Adenomas by Raman Spectroscopy, Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, and Mass Spectrometry of Serum Samples

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