Mathematics performance of secondary school students has been a topical issue in research by Mathematics teachers, social and educational psychologists, educationists, and other stakeholders in mathematics education. The importance of this subject to students' advancement to their future endeavors necessitated the issues discussed in this chapter. Consequently, four psychological constructs are discussed in relation to Mathematics performance of students in Nigeria. They are academic motivation, Mathematics anxiety, Mathematics attitude, and attributional style of students to Mathematics performance. It is important that Mathematics teachers notice these constructs in their students so that their Mathematics reasoning skills, problem-solving, and interactions in the class will be enhanced and solidified. More so, realizing the significance of these psychological constructs will increase the students understanding, arouse their interest and boost their skills in Mathematics.