High external-efficiency nanofocusing for lens-free near-field optical nanoscopy

Kim, Sanggon; Yu, Ning; Ma, Xuezhi; Zhu, Yangzhi; Liu, Qiushi; Liu, Ming; Yan, Ruoxue

doi:10.1038/s41566-019-0456-9

Cited by 71 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…For example, ε eff, x 3.7, ε eff, y 15.2 + 0.6i, and ε eff, z 2.1 can be obtained when w = 70 nm and g = 30 nm at the mid-infrared region (1425 cm −1 ). Using the numerical simulation, the electrical field distribution in the real and momentum space can be calculated by means of placing an out-of-plane electric dipole at the top surface of the h-BN flake or h-BN metasurface, which mimics an NSOM probe excited z-polarized electric dipole process at the gap between the probe apex and sample surface [130,268]. Figure 7D (right) shows the comparison of the real part of the E z distribution at the K-space between h-BN flake and h-BN metasurface, which implies the strong in-plane anisotropic properties of the patterned h-BN.…”

Section: Other Functionalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering photonic environments for two-dimensional materials

Youngblood

Liu

et al. 2020

Nanophotonics

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A fascinating photonic platform with a small device scale, fast operating speed, as well as low energy consumption is two-dimensional (2D) materials, thanks to their in-plane crystalline structures and out-of-plane quantum confinement. The key to further advancement in this research field is the ability to modify the optical properties of the 2D materials. The modifications typically come from the materials themselves, for example, altering their chemical compositions. This article reviews a comparably less explored but promising means, through engineering the photonic surroundings. Rather than modifying materials themselves, this means manipulates the dielectric and metallic environments, both uniform and nanostructured, that directly interact with the materials. For 2D materials that are only one or a few atoms thick, the interaction with the environment can be remarkably efficient. This review summarizes the three degrees of freedom of this interaction: weak coupling, strong coupling, and multifunctionality. In addition, it reviews a relatively timing concept of engineering that directly applied to the 2D materials by patterning. Benefiting from the burgeoning development of nanophotonics, the engineering of photonic environments provides a versatile and creative methodology of reshaping light–matter interaction in 2D materials.

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Section: Other Functionalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering photonic environments for two-dimensional materials

Youngblood

Liu

et al. 2020

Nanophotonics

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“…Radially polarized surface plasmon polariton (SPP) waves that are coupled to the shaft of such a taper are nano focused to its apex. The integration of such a plasmonic nanofocusing probe into an atomic force microscope (AFM) [42][43][44]50] or an STM [51,52] can selectively bring this optical excitation to a specific point near the sample surface, making it an effective tool for spatially resolved studies of light-matter interaction at the nanoscale. Most recently [26], such a light source has been used to record local light scattering spectra from single gold nanorods with 5-nm spatial resolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmonic nanofocusing spectral interferometry

et al. 2020

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We describe and demonstrate a novel experimental approach to measure broadband, amplitude- and phase-resolved scattering spectra of single nanoparticles with 10-nm spatial resolution. Nanofocusing of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) propagating along the shaft of a conical gold taper is used to create a spatially isolated, spectrally broad nanoscale light source at its very apex. The interference between these incident SPPs and SPPs that are backpropagating from the apex leads to the formation of an inherently phase-stable interferogram, which we detect in the far field by partially scattering SPPs off a small protrusion on the taper shaft. We show that these interferograms allow the reconstruction of both the amplitude and phase of the local optical near fields around individual nanoparticles optically coupled to the taper apex. We extract local light scattering spectra of particles and quantify line broadenings and spectral shifts induced by tip-sample coupling. Our experimental findings are supported by corresponding finite-difference time-domain and coupled dipole simulations and show that, in the limit of weak tip-sample coupling, the measurements directly probe the projected local density of optical states of the plasmonic system. The combination of a highly stable inline interferometer with the inherent optical background suppression through nanofocusing makes it a promising tool for the locally resolved study of the spectral and temporal optical response of coupled hybrid nanosystems.

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“…[85,86] The arrangement of this point-like cavity also enables the realization of new applications. [26][27][28][29][88][89][90][91][92][93] Double point-like cavities can be effectively coupled with onchip Si waveguides, unlike single point-like optical cavities. Therefore, these devices can be effectively implemented in photonic integrated circuits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The extreme field enhancement at the end of a 3D tapered SPP tip has been shown to provide enough near-field information to build background-free images in nano meter space. [26][27][28][29] Furthermore, the extremely squeezed photons have a very large field gradient in nanometer space owing to the extremely large field enhancement, which allows for optical trapping of a single nanoparticle near the cavity [88] or strong coupling between single emitters and photons in plasmonic nanocavities at room temperature. [90,91] This article discusses the recent advancements in subwavelength metallic cavities that can improve performance, even with the use of lossy plasmonic modes, by dividing them into three categories according to the light engineering method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Light Engineering in Nanometer Space

et al. 2020

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Figure 1. Progress of reduction in size of cavities. The approach for and beyond the diffraction limit is shown. It is noteworthy to know the methods used to make cavities for a modal length below the diffraction limit in the recent decade. A) Vertical-cavity surface-emission laser (VCSEL). B) Microdisk laser. C) Photonic crystal laser. D) Metal-clad laser. E) Coaxial metal-clad laser. F) Single InGaN@GaN core-shell nanorod on the Al2O3-covered Ag film. G) Plasmonic crystal laser. H) Hybrid plasmonic-photonic crystal cavity. I) MIM plasmonic crystal cavity. J) 2D tapered MIM waveguide. K) Nanoparticle-on-mirror (NPoM). L) 3D tapered MIM nanocavity. A) Reproduced with permission.

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High external-efficiency nanofocusing for lens-free near-field optical nanoscopy

Cited by 71 publications

References 45 publications

Engineering photonic environments for two-dimensional materials

Engineering photonic environments for two-dimensional materials

Plasmonic nanofocusing spectral interferometry

Light Engineering in Nanometer Space

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