High expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in macrophages of human colonic adenoma

Bamba, Hiromi; Ota, Shinichi; Kato, Akira; Adachi, Akiko; Itoyama, Shinji; Matsuzaki, Fumio

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19991112)83:4<470::aid-ijc6>3.0.co;2-f

Cited by 114 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…We found that it was almost equally present in epithelial and stromal cells. This balanced expression in both types of cells was previously described in series of sporadic adenomas, in familial adenomatous polyposis30 32 37 40 41 as well as in serrated adenomas 31 35. However, in the majority of studies, COX-2 expression was reported predominantly or exclusively in the epithelium 17 34 35 38 39.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…The nature of stromal cells expressing COX-2 remains uncertain. Preliminary data suggested a macrophage expression32 55–57 but more recent data showed a myofibroblastic origin 30 36 58 59. In this study, deep stromal but not epithelial initial expression of COX-2 predicted adenoma recurrence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…COX-2 expression was associated with the size and degree of dysplasia of adenomas in some of these series34 35 37–39 41 but not in others 30 32 40. The role of COX-2 expression in adenoma recurrence has not previously been investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

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Cyclooxygenase-2 expression and recurrence of colorectal adenomas: effect of aspirin chemoprevention

Bénamouzig¹,

Uzzan²,

Martin³

et al. 2010

Gut

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cyclooxygenase-2 expression and recurrence of colorectal adenomas: effect of aspirin chemoprevention

Bénamouzig¹,

Uzzan²,

Martin³

et al. 2010

Gut

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“…In contrast, COX-2 expression was found only in macrophages immediately beneath epithelial cells of adenomas expressing MCP-1, in accord with previous studies. 12 13 24 Therefore, these results raise the interesting possibility that endogenous MCP-1 release from adenoma epithelial cells is involved in COX-2 induction and subsequent PGE 2 and VEGF release in macrophages infiltrating adenoma. Several lines of evidence suggest that COX-2 expressed in macrophages infiltrating the lamina propria might play a crucial role in the growth and progression of colorectal adenoma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…11 However, recent studies have shown that at the onset of tumorigenesis in the colon, COX-2 expression is limited to macrophages localised just beneath epithelial cells of polyps in APC716 knockout mice, an animal model of human FAP, and in the subepithelium of mild dysplasia human adenoma. [12][13][14][15] Also, COX-2 gene knockout or administration of selective COX-2 inhibitors have been shown to decrease the number and size of intestinal polyps in APC716 mice. 14 15 These data suggest that COX-2 expressed in macrophages plays a crucial role in adenoma growth and its progression to colon cancer.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 and macrophage cyclooxygenase 2 expression in colonic adenoma

Tanaka

Tatsuguchi²,

Futagami³

et al. 2006

Gut

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Background and aims: Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expression in subepithelial macrophages of colorectal adenoma has been suggested as the first in a series of steps leading to colorectal tumorigenesis. We tested the hypothesis that chemokines released from human colorectal adenoma epithelium might be involved in COX-2 expression in macrophages of the lamina propria. Methods: Endoscopic samples of sporadic colorectal adenomas were tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for chemokines involved in macrophage chemotaxis. Localisation of adenoma macrophage chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and COX-2 were determined by immunohistochemistry. The effects of MCP-1, in the presence or absence of celecoxib, on COX-2 expression, and prostaglandin (PG) E 2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) release, were examined in human macrophages isolated from peripheral blood. Results: MCP-1 levels were markedly higher in adenoma with mild-moderate dysplasia (129.7 (19.9) pg/ mg protein) and severe dysplasia (227.9 (35.4) pg/mg protein) than in normal colonic mucosa (55.8 (4.2) pg/mg protein). Other chemokine levels, macrophage inflammatory proteins (MIP)-1a and MIP-1b, and the chemokine regulated on activation of normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) did not vary significantly between adenoma and normal mucosa. MCP-1 levels in both adenoma and normal colonic mucosa increased significantly three hours after tissue cultivation in vitro. MCP-1 immunoreactivity was restricted to the adenoma epithelium, with no reactivity seen in adjacent normal epithelial cells. MCP-1 stimulated COX-2 expression and PGE 2 and VEGF release in human macrophages. Celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, inhibited MCP-1-induced PGE 2 and VEGF release in macrophages. Addition of exogenous PGE 2 reversed this inhibitory effect on VEGF release, suggesting that MCP-1 in adenoma epithelial cells might be involved in COX-2 expression and subsequent macrophage activation. Conclusions: MCP-1 in colorectal adenoma epithelial cells might be involved in macrophage migration and COX-2 expression, leading to the subsequent development of colonic adenoma.

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Two‐temperature stage biphasic CO₂–H₂O pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass at high solid loadings

Luterbacher

Tester

Walker

2012

Biotech & Bioengineering

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Most biomass pretreatment processes for monosaccharide production are run at low-solid concentration (<10 wt%) and use significant amounts of chemical catalysts. Biphasic CO(2) -H(2) O mixtures could provide a more sustainable pretreatment medium while using high-solid contents. Using a stirred reactor for high solids (40 wt%, biomass water mixture) biphasic CO(2)-H(2) O pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass allowed us to explore the effects of particle size and mixing on mixed hardwood and switchgrass pretreatment. Subsequently, a two-temperature stage pretreatment was introduced. After optimization, a short high-temperature stage at 210°C (16 min for hardwood and 1 min for switchgrass) was followed by a long low-temperature stage at 160°C for 60 min. Glucan to glucose conversion yields of 83% for hardwood and 80% for switchgrass were obtained. Total molar sugar yields of 65% and 55% were obtained for wood and switchgrass, respectively, which consisted of a 10% points improvement over those obtained during our previous study despite a 10-fold increase in particle size. These yields are similar to those obtained with other major pretreatment technologies for wood and within 10% of major technologies for switchgrass despite the absence of chemical catalysts, the use of large particles (0.95 cm) and high solid contents (40 wt%).

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High expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in macrophages of human colonic adenoma

Cited by 114 publications

References 18 publications

Cyclooxygenase-2 expression and recurrence of colorectal adenomas: effect of aspirin chemoprevention

Cyclooxygenase-2 expression and recurrence of colorectal adenomas: effect of aspirin chemoprevention

Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 and macrophage cyclooxygenase 2 expression in colonic adenoma

Two‐temperature stage biphasic CO₂–H₂O pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass at high solid loadings

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High expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in macrophages of human colonic adenoma

Cited by 114 publications

References 18 publications

Cyclooxygenase-2 expression and recurrence of colorectal adenomas: effect of aspirin chemoprevention

Cyclooxygenase-2 expression and recurrence of colorectal adenomas: effect of aspirin chemoprevention

Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 and macrophage cyclooxygenase 2 expression in colonic adenoma

Two‐temperature stage biphasic CO2–H2O pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass at high solid loadings

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Two‐temperature stage biphasic CO₂–H₂O pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass at high solid loadings