High‐Energy Storage Density and Efficiency of (1−x)[0.94 NBT–0.06 BT]–xST Lead‐Free Ceramics

Abstract

Using the component materials barium titanate (BaTiO3, BT), strontium titanate (SrTiO3, ST), and sodium bismuth titanate [(Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3, NBT], anti‐ferroelectric lead‐free ceramics of (1−x)[0.94NBT–0.06BT]–xST have been fabricated using conventional techniques. The microstructure, electrical properties, and energy‐storage performance of the obtained ceramics were investigated in detail. It was determined that the addition of ST can enhance the difference between the maximum polarization (Pmax) and remnant polarization (Pr), resulting in the improvement of the energy‐storage properties. The maximum recoverable energy density of 0.98 J cm−3 with a relatively high efficiency of 82 % was achieved under 90 kV cm−1 at x=0.30, which also displayed excellent energy‐storage stability in the temperature range from room temperature to 120 °C.

Enhanced Electrocaloric Effect and Energy Storage Density of Nd‐Substituted 0.92NBT‐0.08BT Lead Free Ceramic

“…The obtained W rec of ≈1.53J cm −3 with efficiency ( η ) ≈ 93% at maximum electric field of 73 kV cm −1 at 378 K, can be considered as one of the best performing material for energy storage applications. A relative study of various energy storage densities comparing NBNT‐BT 92 / 8 with other lead free ferroelectrics are presented in Figure b. The excellent performance of NBNT‐BT 92 / 8 , which we confirmed as a relaxor, can be conjectured as due to the faster response of microdomains than the macrodomains in any other normal ferroelectric that resulted in enhanced storage efficiency.…”

NiNb2O6‐BaTiO3 Ceramics for Energy‐Storage Capacitors

“…The energy storage, energy loss, energy release, and energy storage efficiency ( η = J d / J c ) of NiNb 2 O 6 –BaTiO 3 are listed in Table . Compared to some reported materials, such as 0.7 (0.94 NBT–0.06 BT)‐0.3 ST, antiferroelectric/ferroelectric (PbZrO 3 /PbZr 0.52 Ti 0.48 O 3 ) bilayer thin films, and BaTiO 3 ceramics coated by Al 2 O 3 and SiO 2 , the energy‐storage density of NiNb 2 O 6 –BaTiO 3 is relatively low because of its insufficient BDS. The addition of NiNb 2 O 6 decreases the energy storage, energy loss, and energy release of BaTiO 3 ceramic because of its paraelectric properties but it increases the energy‐storage efficiency.…”

High‐recoverable energy‐storage density and dielectric tunability in Eu3+‐doped NBT‐xSTO binary solid solution films

“…With increasing the temperature, NBT undergoes several electric behaviors such as ferroelectric (FE) (at room temperature), AFE‐like behavior (above 220°C), and RFE behavior (at ~320°C, T c ) . Since NBT exhibits both AFE and RFE characteristics, few chemical substitutions, such as BaTiO 3 (BTO), SrTiO 3 (STO) and (Bi 0.5 K 0.5 )TiO 3 (KBT), were used to form a solid solution with NBT to achieve relaxor behavior, which is hopeful to reduce the polarization hysteresis, and cause the increase in energy density and efficiency . A high energy storage density has been reported in NBT‐based ternary solid solution thin films, such as NBT‐KBT‐SrZrO 3 thin films (34.69 J cm −3 ) and NBT‐BTO‐BiFeO 3 thin films (42.9 J cm −3 ) .…”

“…17 Since NBT exhibits both AFE and RFE characteristics, few chemical substitutions, such as BaTiO 3 (BTO), SrTiO 3 (STO) and (Bi 0.5 K 0.5 )TiO 3 (KBT), were used to form a solid solution with NBT to achieve relaxor behavior, which is hopeful to reduce the polarization hysteresis, and cause the increase in energy density and efficiency. 1,17,18 A high energy storage density has been reported in NBT-based ternary solid solution thin films, such as NBT-KBT-SrZrO 3 thin films (34.69 J cm −3 ) and NBT-BTO-BiFeO 3 thin films (42.9 J cm −3 ). 9,17 However, there are complex components in ternary solid solution films, which are not conducive to large-scale fabrication.…”