High‐Energy Nickel‐Cobalt‐Aluminium Oxide (NCA) Cells on Idle: Anode‐ versus Cathode‐Driven Side Reactions

Zulke, Alana Aragon; Li, Yang; Keil, Peter; Burrell, Robert; Belaisch, Sacha; Nagarathinam, Mangayarkarasi; Mercer, Michael; Hoster, Harry E.

doi:10.1002/batt.202100101

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The reduced aging at lower SOCs is in line with the calendar aging data reported in the literature. 27,[72][73][74] When evaluating the capacity retention of cells, the anode overhang equalization can cause significant capacity losses or recovery. [4][5][6] The relative behavior of capacity retention is often neglected and might not be representative of cell performance or quality.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient Self-Discharge after Formation in Lithium-Ion Cells: Impact of State-of-Charge and Anode Overhang

Roth,

Streck,

Mujanovic

et al. 2023

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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A fast determination of cell quality after formation is challenging due to transient effects in the self-discharge measurement. This work investigated the self-discharge of NMC622/graphite single-layer pouch cells with varying anode dimensions to differentiate between SEI growth and anode overhang equalization processes. The transient self-discharge was measured directly after formation via voltage decay and for 20 weeks of calendar storage at three states-of-charge (SOC), 10%, 30%, and 50%. The transient behavior persisted for the entire measurement duration, even at a low SOC. Still, the low SOC minimized the impact of SEI growth and anode overhang equalization compared to moderate SOCs. Evaluating the coulombic efficiency from cycle aging showed a distinct capacity loss for the first cycle after storage, indicating further SEI growth, which stabilized in subsequent cycles. The aged capacity after cycling showed no significant dependence on the calendar storage, which further promotes fast self-discharge characterization at low SOC.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient Self-Discharge after Formation in Lithium-Ion Cells: Impact of State-of-Charge and Anode Overhang

Roth,

Streck,

Mujanovic

et al. 2023

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…Due to the phase transformation of the electrode in the process of Li+ intercalation/deintercalation, resulting in the formation of wave peaks on the DV curve. For lithium-ion batteries with Graphite/NCA system, according to relevant studies [17] , its DV curve has three obvious peaks, as shown in Figure 4(a, b). Peaks P1 and P2 are determined by the negative electrode, while P3 is determined by the positive electrode.…”

Section: The Analysis Of Differential Voltagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Differential voltage (DV) analysis and Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis are common non-destructive characterization methods. Zulke et al [17] used the DV analysis method to study the degradation mode of Graphite/NCA batteries under a long rest time at different SOC and temperatures, they found that the main degradation mode of calendar aging was the loss of lithium ions caused by SEI film growth. Pastor-Fernandez et al [18] studied the aging mechanisms of Graphite/NCA batteries at room temperature using the EIS analysis method, and the results showed that lithium ions loss and active material loss played a dominant role in batteries' aging, while conductivity loss had little influence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging mechanisms analysis of Graphite/LiNi_0.80Co_0.15Al_0.05O₂ lithium-ion batteries among the whole life cycle at different temperatures

2022

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Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used in electric vehicles, while capacity fading happens due to unwanted side reactions during cycling. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the aging mechanisms of LIBs among the whole life cycle for the use and design of LIBs. In this study, the aging experiments of Graphite/LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) batteries were conducted at 25°C and 45°C, the aging mechanisms were examined by differential voltage analysis method and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis method, and verified by microscopic morphology observation. The results show that the loss of anode active material and lithium ions are the main degradation modes, and the lithium plating side reaction at the late aging stage is the inducement of capacity plunge both at 25°C and 45°C. But the causes of lithium plating are different, at 25 °C, the growth of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) leads to lithium plating, while at 45 °C, the accumulation of gas leads to lithium plating.

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“…Therefore, the graphite anode of the lithium‐ion battery is theoretically unstable and easily undergoes redox reaction with the electrolyte, forming a passivation protective layer on the surface, that is, SEI 10 . SEI is usually formed during the formation stage of lithium‐ion batteries and the initial cycles and can act as a dense protective layer to reduce the further anode‐electrolyte reactions 11 . However, SEI will also grow during the operation of lithium‐ion battery, resulting in continuous capacity loss and impedance increase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A mechanistic calendar aging model of lithium‐ion battery considering solid electrolyte interface growth

Zhu

Zhou

Ren

et al. 2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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Summary Calendar life accounts for most of the lifetime of the power lithium‐ion battery applied in electric vehicles, and thus should be investigated in detail. In this paper, a mechanistic calendar aging model of lithium‐ion battery is developed by adding the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) growth side reaction to the pseudo‐two‐dimensional electrochemical model. The model can accurately simulate the capacity degradation and evolution of the charging voltage profiles of a Lix(NiCoMn)1/3O2 ‐ graphite battery during high‐temperature (55°C) storage under various states of charge. The model is further validated by comparing the electrode degradations inside the batteries after calendar aging. The model predicted electrode degradations are consistent with the results identified using a dual‐tank model and post‐mortem analysis, confirming that SEI growth is the dominant degradation mechanism. Based on the validated model, internal changes in electrodes' structure induced by SEI growth during calendaring aging are discussed. The anodes of the calendar‐aged batteries suffer from severe pore clogging and film resistance increase, resulting in apparent power performance degradation of lithium‐ion battery. Finally, modeling analysis is conducted to find possible solutions to mitigate the battery calendar aging process. Rational designs of SEI by reducing the porosity and solvent diffusivity inside the SEI and the kinetic rate constant turn out to be effective in improving the calendar lifetime of lithium‐ion batteries. Novelty Statement Calendar life accounts for most of the lifetime of the lithium‐ion battery in electric vehicles. This study establishes a mechanistic calendar aging model of lithium‐ion battery considering solid electrolyte interface growth. The model can not only simulate the battery capacity degradation and the evolution of battery charging voltage profiles but also capture the internal degradation of the electrodes during the aging process. Modeling analysis is further conducted to find possible solutions to mitigate the calendar aging process of lithium‐ion battery.

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High‐Energy Nickel‐Cobalt‐Aluminium Oxide (NCA) Cells on Idle: Anode‐ versus Cathode‐Driven Side Reactions

Cited by 8 publications

References 50 publications

Transient Self-Discharge after Formation in Lithium-Ion Cells: Impact of State-of-Charge and Anode Overhang

Transient Self-Discharge after Formation in Lithium-Ion Cells: Impact of State-of-Charge and Anode Overhang

Aging mechanisms analysis of Graphite/LiNi_0.80Co_0.15Al_0.05O₂ lithium-ion batteries among the whole life cycle at different temperatures

A mechanistic calendar aging model of lithium‐ion battery considering solid electrolyte interface growth

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High‐Energy Nickel‐Cobalt‐Aluminium Oxide (NCA) Cells on Idle: Anode‐ versus Cathode‐Driven Side Reactions

Cited by 8 publications

References 50 publications

Transient Self-Discharge after Formation in Lithium-Ion Cells: Impact of State-of-Charge and Anode Overhang

Transient Self-Discharge after Formation in Lithium-Ion Cells: Impact of State-of-Charge and Anode Overhang

Aging mechanisms analysis of Graphite/LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2 lithium-ion batteries among the whole life cycle at different temperatures

A mechanistic calendar aging model of lithium‐ion battery considering solid electrolyte interface growth

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Product

Resources

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Aging mechanisms analysis of Graphite/LiNi_0.80Co_0.15Al_0.05O₂ lithium-ion batteries among the whole life cycle at different temperatures