High-energy Neutrino Constraints on Cosmic-Ray Reacceleration in Radio Halos of Massive Galaxy Clusters

Abstract

A fraction of merging galaxy clusters host diffuse radio emission in their central region, termed a giant radio halo (GRH). The most promising mechanism of GRHs is the reacceleration of nonthermal electrons and positrons by merger-induced turbulence. However, the origin of these seed leptons has been under debate, and either protons or electrons can be primarily accelerated particles. In this work, we demonstrate that neutrinos can be used as a probe of physical processes in galaxy clusters and discuss possible constraints on the number of relativistic protons in the intracluster medium with the existing upper limits by IceCube. We calculate radio and neutrino emission from massive (>1014 M ⊙) galaxy clusters using the cluster population model of Nishiwaki & Asano. This model is compatible with the observed statistics of GRHs, and we find that the contribution of GRHs to the isotropic radio background observed with the ARCADE-2 experiment should be subdominant. Our fiducial model predicts the all-sky neutrino flux that is consistent with IceCube's upper limit from the stacking analysis. We also show that the neutrino upper limit gives meaningful constraints on the parameter space of the reacceleration model, such as the electron-to-proton ratio of the primary cosmic rays and the magnetic field; in particular, the secondary scenario, where the seed electrons mostly originate from inelastic pp collisions, can be constrained even in the presence of reacceleration.

Neutrinos and Gamma Rays from Galaxy Clusters Constrained by the Upper Limits of IceCube

“…= eV, the neutrino flux obtained in Hussain et al (2021) is below the upper limits of the IceCube and decreases approximately by 1 order of magnitude if we assume CR luminosity 0.1% L C instead of 1% L C . Recently, Nishiwaki et al (2023) also estimated the neutrino flux from massive clusters (>10 15 M e ) and our results are consistent with their models. Furthermore, previous studies (Murase et al 2008;Yuan et al 2018) support our predictions.…”