High Energy Neutral Atom (HENA) Imager for the Image Mission

Mitchell, D. G.; Jaskulek, S.; Schlemm, C. E.; Keath, E. P.; Thompson, Robert E.; Tossman, B. E.; Boldt, J.; Hayes, J. R.; Andrews, G. B.; Paschalidis, N.; Hamilton, D. C.; Lundgren, Rex; Tums, E. O.; Wilson, Paul; Voss, H. D.; Prentice, D.; Hsieh, K. C.; Curtis, C. C.; Powell, Forbes R.

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-4233-5_4

Cited by 90 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Mitchell et al [2003] showed how O + could be distinguished from H + in ENA images. Ohtani et al [2005] studied the variations of O + and H + during storm-time substorms using ENA images from the HENA [Mitchell et al, 2000] instrument onboard the IMAGE [Burch, 2000] satellite. The development of a method to distinguish O + and H + in TWINS ENA images is underway.…”

Section: Themismentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of CIR storm on 22 July 2009

et al. 2012

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[1] Global images of ion intensities are deconvolved from TWINS ENA images during the main and recovery phase of a CIR storm on 22 July 2009. The global spatial ion images taken at different times, along with solar wind data, geomagnetic activity indices, geosynchronous orbit observations, and in situ measurements from the THEMIS mission provide a picture of the evolution of the ring current during both the main phase and early recovery phase of the storm. Major features of the evolution are consistent with expectations based upon time dependent geomagnetic indices, e.g., SYM/H and ASY/H, and geosynchronous orbit detection of dipolarizations from GOES 11 and 12. Direct comparisons are made with in situ THEMIS ESA and SST spectral measurements. The peak energy of the ion spectrum in the ring current is seen to decrease in the recovery phase. The time evolution of the ion energy spectra over the range from 2.5 to 97.5 keV at the spatial peaks of the ring current in the inner magnetosphere obtained from ENA images is presented for the first time.

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Section: Themismentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of CIR storm on 22 July 2009

et al. 2012

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“…In this way, the ring current ions can be imaged by the HENA sensor that records the arrival direction and velocity of the energetic neutral atoms (52 -180 keV O, 10-60 keV H, and 60-198 keV H) created by the ring current-exosphere interaction [Roelof and Skinner, 2000]. HENA is a slit camera with a 90°Â 120°field of view [Mitchell et al, 2000]. This large field of view enables HENA to detect global ring current distribution most of time despite changes in the IMAGE position (apogee: 46,000 km, perigee: 1000 km).…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ENA images of the ring current have been obtained from several spacecraft [Roelof, 1987]. Dedicated ENA imagers have been carried by the Astrid satellite [Barabash, 1995], Cassini [Mitchell et al, 1998], and now IMAGE [Mitchell et al, 2000].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nightside thermospheric FUV emissions due to energetic neutral atom precipitation during magnetic superstorms

et al. 2006

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[1] TIMED/GUVI detected anomalous FUV emissions from the nightside thermosphere over a wide latitude range, from the subauroral latitudes to the equatorial regions during each of three magnetic superstorms (29-31 October 2003, 20 November 2003, and 7-10 November 2004. We note that during the one case (7-10 November 2004) where there were coincident measurements of the flux of energetic particles as observed by IMAGE HENA, the FUV intensity (as seen in five bandpasses or ''colors'': 121.6 nm, 130.4 nm, 135.6 nm, LBHS (140-150 nm) and LBHL (165-180 nm)) showed qualitative agreement with the behavior of the energetic neutral atoms (ENA). This suggests that the source of the FUV emissions is the ENA originating from the ring current. We also found that for all three storms we studied that the FUV intensities are well correlated with Dst. The intensity in all colors is observed to increase with latitude up to the auroral oval. Except for 121.6 nm, the observed intensities exhibit a sharp decrease near the magnetic equator region. The origin, location, and spatial extent of the FUV emissions is quite different from that of the traditional aurora, we find that this phenomena is consistent with neutral particle precipitation. We call this signature of the coupling of the ring current and the thermosphere the neutral particle aurora.Citation: Zhang, Y., L. J. Paxton, J. U. Kozyra, H. Kil, and P. C. Brandt (2006), Nightside thermospheric FUV emissions due to energetic neutral atom precipitation during magnetic superstorms,

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“…The techniques for the in situ measurements of ENAs are very similar to the measurement of energetic ions. In the energy range 20 keV 500 keV/nuc, for example, electrostatic deflector, time-of-flight, and energy measurements with SSDs are used (Mitchell et al, 2000). The deflector is needed to suppress the usually much higher background of energetic ions in the nearEarth environment.…”

Section: Remote Sensing With Energetic Neutral Atomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Space Storms and Space Weather Hazards

Daglis¹

2001

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Subject Terms Report Classification unclassified Classification of this page unclassified Classification of Abstract unclassified Limitation of Abstract UU Number of Pages 486REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, -to review recent spacecraft measurements that have provided new insight into the dynamics and effects of space storms; -to review space weather hazards associated with space storms and pertinent to the operation of technological systems in space and on ground;-to discuss and assess methods of space weather forecasting, as well as national and international initiatives towards an efficient development of space climatology.Space weather, the invisible but nevertheless effective result of solar activity and solar-terrestrial coupling, has affected the operations of communication systems since the appearance of telegraph in the 19th century, though as an unknown trouble factor. Nowadays, the effects of space weather affect in various ways all communication modes, from cable to wireless to space-based systems. Moreover, space weather hazards include malfunction or even permanent damage of power distribution grids and of telecommunication, navigation and surveillance satellites, disturbances of over-the-horizon (OTH) radar, HF, VHF and UHF communications, surveying and navigation systems that use Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites, surveillance (optical and radar), and satellite tracking. Space weather influences on the Earth's weather and climate is still a developing topic. Little is known concerning the biological effects of space weather, especially regarding astronauts.This Institute could not be timelier. Space Weather, which has been defined as "conditions on the sun and in the solar wind, magnetosphere, ionosphere, and thermosphere that can influence the performance and reliability of space-and ground-based technological systems and can endanger human life", encompasses a broad range of phenomena impacting both space science and technology. The effects of Space Weather, while present throughout the solar cycle, gain particular prominence around the peak of the 11-year sunspot activity; the maximum of cycle 23 occurred in summer 2000.The fact that this ASI on Space Weather was held in Europe is particularly appropriate. European countries host a considerable repository of knowledge and world-class facilities in this field. Nevertheless, while Space Weather activities in c...

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High Energy Neutral Atom (HENA) Imager for the Image Mission

Cited by 90 publications

References 27 publications

Evolution of CIR storm on 22 July 2009

Evolution of CIR storm on 22 July 2009

Nightside thermospheric FUV emissions due to energetic neutral atom precipitation during magnetic superstorms

Space Storms and Space Weather Hazards

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