This chapter reviews the fundamentals and achievements of ultrashort pulse generation and amplification in ytterbium-doped fibers. Compact and ultrastable passively mode-locked fiber oscillators represent an ideal seed source for high performance femtosecond fiber amplification systems, which have been scaled towards kW-level average power and pulse energies well above the mJ-level. These laser systems will have significant impact in numerous scientific and industrial applications.
Introduction and MotivationA number of important practical as well as fundamental research applications of ultrafast lasers appeared over the last decades, a trend initiated by the step from old dye-laser technology towards solid-state lasers. These high-power ultrafast solidstate lasers use small rods as the amplifier media, for instance, Titanium-doped sapphire as the most widespread one and have the potential to generate significantly higher pulse energies, higher powers and shorter pulse durations in combination