High energy density transparent and flexible asymmetric supercapacitor based on a transparent metal hydroxides@graphene micro-structured film via a scalable gas-liquid diffusion method

Self-Standing Metallic Mesh with MnO2 Multiscale Microstructures for High-Capacity Flexible Transparent Energy Storage

“…Impressively, this areal capacitance value almost sets a record for flexible transparent supercapacitor electrodes. Such an excellent optical transmittance and areal capacitance performance ( T ≈ 69.7% & C A ≈ 1.15 F/cm 2 ) is much superior to most reported flexible transparent supercapacitor electrodes, such as the Au@MnO 2 nanomesh, MnO 2 nanoislands, MnO 2 wire network, Ag NWs–MoS 2 , FeOOH–graphene, and so on, as shown in Figure f. ,,,,,,,− Furthermore, considering the loading mass of MnO 2 active materials, the gravimetric capacitance ( C G ) of MnO 2 deposited at different temperatures shows a large difference: 89.3 F/g for 25 °C, 179.58 F/g for 40 °C, 176.30 F/g for 60 °C, 293.37 F/g for 75 °C, and 213.43 F/g for 85 °C, indicating that the greatly enhanced areal capacitance of MnO 2 deposited at high deposition temperatures does not just arise from the increased loading mass of MnO 2 . Meanwhile, the MnO 2 morphology plays an important role on its charge storage capabilities.…”

“…(c) Areal capacitance vs optical transmittance properties of the electrodes with MnO 2 deposited for different time periods and at different temperatures. (d) GCD curves measured at 0.2 mA/cm 2 , (e) areal capacitance vs current density properties, (f) areal capacitance versus transmittance comparison, ,,,,,,,− (g) Nyquist plots at the high-frequency domain, and (h) cycling stability of the mesh electrodes with MnO 2 electrodeposited for 900 s at different deposition temperatures.…”

“…Besides, the metal oxide film is brittle and thus cannot tolerate mechanical bending, folding, and twisting. To achieve flexible transparent metal oxide-based electrodes, researchers have proposed various approaches, such as decreasing nano-engineered film thickness, , synthesizing transparent nanostructure, ,, and developing metal oxide mesh structure, ,− thus enabling the realization of transparent metal oxide-based electrodes.…”

A Review on Flexible and Transparent Energy Storage System

“…Na Li et al realize the transparent micro-structured TMH electrodes formed by graphene enwrapped transition-metal-oxide/hydroxide (TMH) material, thus overcome the difficulties of preparation with the transparent micro-structured TMH electrodes. This microstructure can increase the speed of 3D electron/ion transport pathways, with a high specific capacity of 17.42 mF cm −2 at 0.2 mA cm −2 as well as a high capacity retention (85.1%) after 20,000 cycles [74]. Based on the above illustration, it can be seen that carbon nanomaterial based electrodes have great potential in achieving transparent and flexible super capacitors.…”

Agar Hydrogel Template Synthesis of Mn3O4 Nanoparticles through an Ion Diffusion Method Controlled by Ion Exchange Membrane and Electrochemical Performance

“…Electrode active materials largely determine the performance of supercapacitors [9], and the morphology and structure of electrode materials have a great influence on the behavior of pseudocapacitor [10]. The reported pseudocapacitive materials mainly include transition metal hydroxides and oxides [11,12], carbon based electrode materials and conducting polymers [13] such as RuO 2 [14], MnO x ( x = 2 or 3/4) [15] and polythiophene derivatives (PTh) [16]. Transition metal oxides undergo rapid reversible redox reaction and exhibit an excellent pseudocapacitive performance.…”