High energy density and high efficiency all-organic polymers with enhanced dipolar polarization

Li, Zongze; Treich, Gregory M.; Tefferi, Mattewos; Wu, Chao; Nasreen, Shamima; Scheirey, Sydney K.; Ramprasad, Rampi; Cao, Yang

doi:10.1039/c9ta03601f

Cited by 75 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The strategy for the design of a polymer having a stable dielectric constant and low polarization loss over a broad temperature range would require that all rigid segments having restricted rotation remain restricted while all freely rotatable single bonds continue to freely rotate across the entire temperature range for operation. [ 28,29 ] As such, close attention needs to be paid to elements that can be involved in conjugation. For example, an element that could result in partial double bond in conjugation with a sp 2 hybridized carbon could become freely rotating at a higher temperature, contributing to a temperature dependent polarization.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Temperature‐Invariant Polymer Dielectrics with Large Bandgap

et al. 2020

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operate concurrently under high electric fields and elevated temperatures approaching or surpassing 150 °C. [2,4,8,[11][12][13] However, to date, the search for polymer dielectrics that provide appreciable energy densities at temperatures well above 100 °C has led to only marginal success. High temperature operation under high electric field is challenging for polymer dielectrics. For example, biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP), the state-of-the-art commercially available dielectric polymer used for energy storage, has a remarkable breakdown strength of ≈700 MV m −1 and ultralow loss, but can only operate continuously at temperatures up to 85 °C and for a short duration with significant derating at 105 °C. [14,15] Many heat resistant polymers have been designed and studied for high-temperature applications, but they are incapable of operating at an electric field similar to BOPP. [11,16,17] This is because their conjugated aromatic backbones that are able to withstand high temperature, built at the cost of largely reduced bandgaps, lead to high electrical conductivities and poor energy densities especially at elevated temperatures. Recent efforts for enhanced energy storage performance at high temperature via nanocomposites or coating modifications of polymer films, although encouraging, are prohibitively challenging for industrial-scale production due to requirements of (either) materials cost and (or) laborious multi-step synthesis and processing. [2,12,13,18,19] As a result, BOPP is still used today with cumbersome active cooling. The availability of flexible polymer dielectrics, capable of stable operation under ultrahigh electric field and elevated temperature is the limiting factor for high power density electrification and electronics.Due to hot carrier excitation, injection, and transport, assisted under thermal and electric extremes, polymers exhibit a nonlinear increase in electrical conduction, [20][21][22] leading to the reduction of the discharged energy density, largely increased energy loss and ultimately dielectric breakdown failure [23] . While the complexity of these processes makes the study of engineering conduction mechanism under critical electric fields far from fully understood, past studies revealed the dominant role of the bandgap in determining electrical conduction and intrinsic breakdown strength of the polymer dielectrics. [20,[24][25][26][27] However, careful evaluation of common high-temperature polymers reveals, unfortunately, an inverse Flexible dielectrics operable under simultaneous electric and thermal extremes are critical to advanced electronics for ultrahigh densities and/or harsh conditions. However, conventional high-performance polymer dielectrics generally have conjugated aromatic backbones, leading to limited bandgaps and hence high conduction loss and poor energy densities, especially at elevated temperatures. A polyoxafluoronorbornene is reported, which has a key design feature in that it is a polyolefin consisting of repeating units of fairly rigid fused bicycl...

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Temperature‐Invariant Polymer Dielectrics with Large Bandgap

et al. 2020

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“…Li et al. [ 103 ] further indicated that the dipolar polarization could be increased via incorporating flexible ether bonds into the main chain of PTUA, so that the ε r can reach 6.6. Feng et al.…”

Section: Dielectric Polymers For Film Capacitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Progress of All Organic Polymer Dielectrics for Energy Storage from the Classification of Organic Structures

Luo

Mao

Sun

et al. 2021

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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Dielectric films are the foundation of power electronic equipment for energy storage in capacitors. However, typical dielectric films exhibit undesirable energy storage density and thermal stability, limiting its further application in the advanced field. For both pure polymers and composites‐based dielectrics, the macromolecular matrix greatly determines the performances. This paper summarizes the research progress of all‐organic polymer materials for the dielectric application from the perspective of molecular structure design. Systematic comparisons on properties, including dielectric constant and dielectric loss, glass transition temperature, and energy density are given, expecting to inspire researchers to devote further efforts in this area. An outlook for the future of all‐polymer dielectrics is also presented.

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“…However, their energy storage density is much lower than those of other energy storage devices, limiting further application. For example, as a representative commercial capacitor, the low dielectric constant (2.2) of biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) restricts energy density to less than 4 J cm –3 . − It is urgent to seek an effective way to develop dielectric materials with well breakdown characteristics and excellent energy storage characteristics and to meet the miniaturization, lightweight, and reliability requirements for future power electronic devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significantly Improved Energy Storage Performance of PVDF Ferroelectric Films by Blending PMMA and Filling PCBM

Zhang

Feng

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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The increasing energy problem and the demand of environmental protection raise higher requirements for the development of clean energy. Dielectric capacitors have attracted lots of attention as a supporting facility of energy storage and conversion for clean energy, but their further development is limited by the low energy storage performance. In this paper, all-organic composite dielectrics were reported, with a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) composite dielectric with different mixing ratios as the matrix and the organic molecular semiconductor with high electron affinity [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyrate acid methyl ester (abbreviated as PCBM) as fillers. The related test results show that with the increase in the doping contents of PCBM, the energy storage density increases obviously. When the doping content of PCBM is 0.9 wt %, the PMMA/PVDF-based organic composite dielectric possesses an optimal breakdown field of 685.67 kV mm–1, accompanying excellent energy storage performances (Ue , ∼21.89 J cm–3; η, ∼70.34%). The PVDF blended with PMMA strategy not only restrains the ferroelectric polarization loss of PVDF but also improves the breakdown strength of the polymer. More importantly, the polarization and breakdown strength of the composites can be synergistically enhanced by filling with PCBM fillers.

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High energy density and high efficiency all-organic polymers with enhanced dipolar polarization

Abstract: The dielectric constant of polymers was increased by combining flexible segments and rigid polar segments in the polymer backbone.

Cited by 75 publications

References 27 publications

Flexible Temperature‐Invariant Polymer Dielectrics with Large Bandgap

Flexible Temperature‐Invariant Polymer Dielectrics with Large Bandgap

Research Progress of All Organic Polymer Dielectrics for Energy Storage from the Classification of Organic Structures

Significantly Improved Energy Storage Performance of PVDF Ferroelectric Films by Blending PMMA and Filling PCBM

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