High energy cosmic ray observations during August 1972

Rao, U. R.

doi:10.1007/bf00210641

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…It implies that the July 1946 event was similar to (and exceeded) the event of August 4, 1972. On the whole, three major SPEs (July 1946, August 1972 in different solar cycles turned out to produce the comparable amounts of non-relativistic protons. …”

Section: Largest Proton Eventsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The event data with large fluxes of relativistic protons (for example, February 23, 1956 and) are used then for evaluation of the extreme possibilities of a solar accelerator (Miroshnichenko 1993(Miroshnichenko , 1994(Miroshnichenko , 1996Vashenyuk et al 1993). If the main increase of SCR flux was observed in the non-relativistic region (for example, in July 1959, August 1972 then such an event is most suitable for modeling of "a worst case" from the point of view of radiation hazard (Adams and Gelman 1984;Smart and Shea 1989b). The gravity of such a hazard for spacecraft crews and equipment was re-affirmed on October 20, 1989 when the doze on board the orbital Mir station increased by 2 rad during 4 h .…”

Section: Largest Proton Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All those events for the period of 1942-2006 are represented in Table 4.1 by their integral intensities obtained as a rule from the values of proton intensity at the moment of maximum increase, t m , near the Earth above the energy given. The events of February 1956, August 1972, 22 March 1991, 30 October 1992, 14 July 2000, 28 October 2003 January 2005 are of special interest. Table 4.1 illustrates the range of maximum proton fluxes observed near the Earth.…”

Section: Largest Proton Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Fig. 7.1, the flare phases, T i (i ¼ 1-6), are indicated on the microwave burst profile for the flare associated with the GLE of 7 August 1972 (for more details of this GLE see, e.g., Rao 1976).…”

Section: Release Of Relativistic Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solar Cosmic Rays

Miroshnichenko

2015

Astrophysics and Space Science Library

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Section: Largest Proton Eventsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Largest Proton Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Largest Proton Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Release Of Relativistic Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solar Cosmic Rays

Miroshnichenko

2015

Astrophysics and Space Science Library

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“…But there does seem to be a good positive correlation between solar activity and solar cosmic ray production (Lanzerotti, 1972). In addition to uncertainties discussed above, the calculation of 14C flare production is somewhat uncertain because changes take place in the magnetic environment of the earth following flares in which the cut-off with rigidities are appreciably altered (Yoshida, Akasofu, and Kendall, 1968;Tanskanen, Kananen, and Blomster, 1973;Agrawal and others, 1974;Rao, 1976).…”

Section: Natural 14c Variationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar Modulation Effects in Terrestrial Production of Carbon-14

Castagnoli¹,

1980

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ABSTRACT. This paper is concerned with the expected deviations in the production rate of natural 14C on the earth due to changes in solar activity. We review the published estimates of the global production rates of 14C due to galactic and solar cosmic ray particles, and present new estimates of the expected secular variations in 14C production, taking into account the latest information available on galactic cosmic ray modulation and long-term variations in solar activity.Estimated secular variations are related to data on atmospheric 14Cf 12C ratios based on tree rings. It is concluded that the observed higher frequency wiggles in atmospheric "C/12C ratios occurring with time scales of about two hundred years and of 1 to 2 percent in magnitude (de Vries, 1958; Suess, 1970a,b;1979;Damon, Lerman, and Long, 1978), are largely due to solar activity dependent modulation of the galactic cosmic ray flux by solar plasma. These variations override a slowly varying sinusoidal change of about 10 percent in magnitude during the last approximately 8000 years, which is believed to be primarily due to changes in the geomagnetic field. The high frequency modulation effect in 14C production is substantial, about 20 percent, which, considering the response function of the atmosphere (cf Houtermans, Suess, and Oeschger, 1973), is adequate to explain the observed 14C wiggles (also named Suess wiggles or de Vries oscillations) if in the past, periods of large modulation effects and also periods of weak modulation persisted, ie, the sun remained both active and inactive over long periods of time, of the order of several decades to centuries. The pioneering investigations of Eddy (1976; 1977) of the ancient records of solar activity make it plausible that the 14C wiggles in the ancient 14C/12C ratios are primarily due to modulation of galactic cosmic ray flux by a varying sun. Thus, the 14C wiggles are good indicators of solar activity in the past.We also present revised estimates of the production rates of 14C on the earth due to solar flare accelerated cosmic rays and limits of direct accretion of 14C on the earth.

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Experimental Determination of Geomagnetically Trapped Energetic Heavy Ion Fluxes

Spjeldvik¹,

Fritz²

1983

Energetic Ion Composition in the Earth’s Magnetosphere

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High energy cosmic ray observations during August 1972

Cited by 9 publications

References 27 publications

Solar Cosmic Rays

Solar Cosmic Rays

Solar Modulation Effects in Terrestrial Production of Carbon-14

Experimental Determination of Geomagnetically Trapped Energetic Heavy Ion Fluxes

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