High elevation insect communities face shifting ecological and evolutionary landscapes

Shah, Alisha A.; Dillon, Michael E.; Hotaling, Scott; Woods, H. Arthur

doi:10.1016/j.cois.2020.04.002

Cited by 72 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Despite the predicted losses of cold‐adapted taxa, a number of biological rates are likely to increase with increasing temperatures as the cryosphere declines, including productivity and evolutionary rate given the fundamental temperature dependence of rate processes (Rule 1). Furthermore, newly created habitats (e.g., meltwater lakes) as well as formerly ice‐ and snow‐influenced streams and lakes will be invaded by more temperate‐adapted species (Shah et al., 2020), dramatically changing community composition (Tiberti et al, 2019) and function. Ultimately, this will homogenize biodiversity at the level of the alpine landscape (i.e., decrease beta diversity), as has been shown for both insects and microbes in glacier‐fed streams (Hotaling et al., 2019; Jacobsen et al., 2012; Wilhelm et al., 2013).…”

Section: Key Rules Of Life and Ongoing Shifts In Alpine Lakes And Strmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key rules of life and the fading cryosphere: Impacts in alpine lakes and streams

Elser

Gonzalez

et al. 2020

Global Change Biology

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Alpine regions are changing rapidly due to loss of snow and ice in response to ongoing climate change. While studies have documented ecological responses in alpine | 6645 ELSER Et aL. We propose four rules of life necessary for obtaining a fundamental and thus predictive understanding of how aquatic biota and ecosystems in alpine environments will respond to a changing cryosphere under ongoing climate change. Key rule 1: Temperature. Temperature has a fundamental effect on nearly all biological activities due to the underlying physics of biochemical processes (red arrows in Figure 1, center). Key rule 2: Wavelength dependence. Biological systems are differentially affected by photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from molecules to ecosystems (Figure 1, top). Key rule 3: Biological stoichiometry. Earth's species comprise a nonrandom assemblage of chemical elements that reflect their evolved life histories and shape their distribution and dynamics (Figure 1, gray bars).

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Section: Key Rules Of Life and Ongoing Shifts In Alpine Lakes And Strmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key rules of life and the fading cryosphere: Impacts in alpine lakes and streams

Elser

Gonzalez

et al. 2020

Global Change Biology

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“…Spatio-temporal shift in insect communities in relation to the ongoing climate change is one of the most common patterns in mountain regions, but it is important to highlight that it will not affect all species equally [85,86]. Aquatic and terrestrial insect communities seem to be differently affected by climate change.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aquatic and terrestrial insect communities seem to be differently affected by climate change. Firstly, because temperature variability is stronger on the ground with respect to water, aquatic insects are required to make smaller behavioral or physiological adjustments than terrestrial insects and aquatic habitats will be more buffered from climate warming [86]. In addition, terrestrial insects may have wider opportunities to survive in appropriate microclimate colonizing or surviving in ice-related microhabitat, thanks to the higher microhabitat heterogeneity on the ground with respect to the aquatic habitat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glacial Biodiversity: Lessons from Ground-dwelling and Aquatic Insects

Gobbi¹,

Lencioni²

2021

Glaciers and the Polar Environment

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At first glance, the ground surrounding the glacier front and the streams originated by melting glaciers seem to be too extreme to host life forms. They are instead ecosystems, colonized by bacteria, fungi, algae, mosses, plants and animals (called the "glacial biodiversity"). The best adapted animals to colonize glacier surface, the recently deglaciated terrains and glacial streams are insects, specifically the ground beetles (carabids) and the non-biting midges (chironomids). This chapter aims to overview the species colonizing these habitats, their adaptation strategies to face natural cold and anthropogenic heat and the extinction threats of glacial retreat and pollution by emerging contaminants. Notes on their role in the glacial-ecosystem functioning and related ecosystem services are also given.

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“…Ultimately, these aims will aid in forecasting species responses to climate change and conserving stream insect diversity at high elevations [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] therefore, depend on whether and how abiotic conditions set the upper elevation limits of lower elevation insects, how temperature, oxygen, flow, UV, and salinity influence predation and competition, and whether altered conditions under climate change will allow for widespread uphill migrations of lowland taxa (Dunson & Travis, 1991;Schmitz & Barton, 2014;Sheldon et al, 2011). For some species, another possible consequence of the upward migration of lower elevation populations is hybridization with high-elevation populations (Shah et al, 2020). Hybridization could introduce new "lowland" alleles into high-elevation populations, creating the potential for genetic rescue (Hamilton & Miller, 2016), but may also accelerate population declines if maladaptive alleles swamp out local adaptation of high-elevation populations (Kirkpatrick & Barton, 1997).…”

Section: Con Clus I On S and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insects in high‐elevation streams: Life in extreme environments imperiled by climate change

Birrell

Shah

Hotaling

et al. 2020

Global Change Biology

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High-elevation streams are some of the most extreme ecosystems on Earth, yet they harbor extensive aquatic insect biodiversity and support a high degree of endemism (Hotaling et al., 2017). Highelevation streams occur from >2,000 m (at higher latitudes) to >4,000 m (lower latitudes) and represent nearly 5% of the world's waterways (Figure 1). They are typically fed by multiple meltwater sources, can be covered by snow and ice for most of the year, and are often fragmented and isolated, with cold, turbulent, fast-flowing water, low ionic strength, low oxygen availability, and high levels of UV radiation (when not covered by snow; Jacobsen & Dangles, 2017). High-elevation stream conditions are also highly variable in space and time, depending on source, drainage geology, elevation, aspect, latitude, and time of year. Collectively, however, high-elevation streams are experiencing some of the most rapid climate-driven

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High elevation insect communities face shifting ecological and evolutionary landscapes

Cited by 72 publications

References 63 publications

Key rules of life and the fading cryosphere: Impacts in alpine lakes and streams

Key rules of life and the fading cryosphere: Impacts in alpine lakes and streams

Glacial Biodiversity: Lessons from Ground-dwelling and Aquatic Insects

Insects in high‐elevation streams: Life in extreme environments imperiled by climate change

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