High Electrochromic Performance of Perylene Bisimide/ZnO Hybrid Films: An Efficient, Energy-Saving, and Green Route

Abstract

The composite or hybrid of organic and inorganic materials is one of the common ways to improve the properties of photoelectric functional materials. Perylene bisimide (PBI) derivatives, as large π-conjugated organic small molecules, are a class of photoelectric functional materials with excellent performance. However, there were few reports on PBIs in the electrochromic field due to the difficulty of film-forming caused by their generally poor solubility. Here, water-soluble PBI derivatives (PDI-COOH and PCl-COOH) were synthesized. The hybrid films (ZnO@PDI-COOH/ PCl-COOH) formed by the coordination bond and π−π stacking were prepared via a simple solution immersion method. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and X-ray diffraction as well as scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectrometry results further confirmed the formation of hybrid films. At the same time, electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical analyses revealed that the films have reversible redox activity and cathodic electrochromic properties, which can change from orange-red to purple. The ZnO@PDI-COOH hybrid film formed by coordination bonds exhibits fast switching times (1.7 s colored time and 2.6 s bleached time), good stability (retain 92.41% contrast after 2400 cycles), a low driving voltage (−0.6−0 V), and a high coloration efficiency (276.14 cm 2 /C). The corresponding electrochromic devices also have good electrochromic properties. On this basis, a large-area (100 mm × 100 mm) electrochromic display device with fine patterning was fabricated by using the hybrid film, and the device shows excellent reversible electrochromic performance. This idea of constructing organic−inorganic hybrid materials with coordination bonds provides an effective, energy-saving, and green method, which is expected to promote the large-scale and fine production of electrochromic materials.

Design Strategies for High Reflectivity Contrast and Stability Adaptive Camouflage Electrochromic Supercapacitors

“…To further investigate the color change of the films, the optical variation was also tracked in terms of the CIE L*a*b* 1976 Color Space, as shown in Figure g,h. L* represents the transmittance of light through a sample, while a* represents how red versus green the material is, and b* represents how red versus yellow the material is. , From the experimental results, the optical colors of the two conjugated polymers were quite similar. For example, in their neutral state, both polymers showed transparent (e.g., ( L* , a* , b* ) values of (98.8, −2.3, 5.0) and (97.4, 0.2, 4.6) for pCBCB and p3CBCB, respectively).…”

Soluble polymer facilely self-grown in situ on conducting substrates at room temperature towards electrochromic applications

“…Therefore, a large amount of Cu 2+ existed on the surface of the material, rather than Cu + . 43 Moreover, the absorption produced at 944.0 eV is another characteristic peak attributed to a satellite peak of Cu 2+ . In this paper, for the sake of description, we still call the prepared film as Cu 2 O-P1-COOH.…”

The simultaneous modulation effect of N-substituents on the photochromic and electrochromic properties of naphthalenediimide-based coordination polymers

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Until now, most of the SRCM can only respond to one kind of stimulus and severely limit their practical applications. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Therefore, the construction of bifunctional SRCM is particularly important for extending their application scope. Generally, the introduction of redox-active linkers into coordination polymers (CPs) is an important strategy for the construction of bifunctional photo-/electrochromic materials.…”