High electrochemical and mechanical performance of zinc conducting-based gel polymer electrolytes

Abstract

Zinc ionic conducting-based gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) were fabricated from carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and three different zinc salts in a mass ratio ranging within 0–30 wt%. The effects of zinc salt and loading level on the structure, thermal, mechanical, mechanical stability, and morphological properties, as well as electrochemical properties of the GPEs films, were symmetrically investigated. The mechanical properties and mechanical stability of CMC were improved with the addition of zinc acetate, zinc sulphate, and zinc triflate, approaching the minimum requirement of a solid state membrane for battery. The maximum ionic conductivity of 2.10 mS cm−1 was achieved with the addition of 15 wt% zinc acetate (ZnA), GPEA15. The supported parameters, indicating the presence of the amorphous region that likely supported Zn2+ movement in the CMC chains, were clearly revealed with the increase in the number of mobile Zn2+ carriers in FT-IR spectra and the magnitude of ionic transference number, the decrease of the enthalpy of fusion in DSC thermogram, and the shifting to lower intensity of 2θ in XRD pattern. The developed CMC/ZnA complex-based GPEs are very promising for their high ionic conductivity as well as good mechanical properties and the ability for long-term utilization in a zinc ion battery.

Lignin–Chitosan Gel Polymer Electrolytes for Stable Zn Electrodeposition

“…Larger values of 15.0 and 59.3 mS cm –1 are observed for the glass microfiber separator soaked in 0.5 and 2 M ZnSO 4 H 2 O, respectively. However, lignin–GPE conductivities are superior to the 0.12 mS cm –1 reported for a carboxymethyl cellulose/ZnSO 4 GPE, * the 14.6 mS cm –1 shown for xanthan gum/ZnSO 4 /MnSO 4 GPE, or the 8.9 mS cm –1 of chitosan/choline nitrate GPEs . We also achieved larger values compared to the reported lignin-derived GPEs intended for LIBs, including 3.73 mS cm –1 showed by a GPE obtained upon soaking lignin fibers into 1 M LiPF 6 ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate/ethyl methyl carbonate or 2.52 mS cm –1 obtained for a polyvinylpyrrolidone/lignin soaked into the same system as above .…”

High electrolyte uptake of MXene integrated membrane separators for Zn-ion batteries

“…In addition, PAN/bio-based PU/5 wt% MXene presented a slightly lower voltage overpotential than neat PAN/bio-based PU, which reflected the lower internal resistance of the symmetric Zn/(PAN/bio-based PU/5 wt% MXene)/Zn cell. The excellent overpotential was due to the good compatibility of materials between the membrane and electrode and sufficient electrolyte in the membrane 52 and surface functional groups which was reported to play a positive role in reorganizing the structure of polymer matrix chain to concentrate free ion 47 , 48 . The non-short circuit and stable voltage profile of PAN/bio-based PU/5 wt% MXene has shown great potential for use in safe Zn battery applications.…”

The Structural and Electrical properties of Guar Gum based Green Electrolyte

“…This might be due to the small amount of salt ions are incorporate to guar gum and the formation of irregular rectangular closed boundaries (substantiated from SEM) which could be expected to hinder ionic motion [20]. In other hand, the uar gum + ZnSO4.7H2O (90:10) sample exhibits an overlap of two semicircles, this might be due to the formation of an interfacial solid layer on the electrode, which could prevent the mobility of polymer electrolyte molecules(ions) to travel through the surface of the deposited layer [25]. Further, as the concentration of salt increased to 20 Wt% and 30 Wt%, the impedance is observed to decrease.…”