High efficient ITO free inverted organic solar cells based on ultrathin Ca modified AZO cathode and their light soaking issue

Chen, Dazheng; Zhang, Chunfu; Wang, Zhizhe; Zhang, Jincheng; Tang, Shi; Wei, Wei; Sun, Li; Hao, Yue

doi:10.1016/j.orgel.2014.08.042

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…This light soaking issue may be related to the energy loss at the AZO/photoactive layer interface and was discussed in our other work. 26 From Fig. 1, there is a relatively large difference between AZO work function and the LUMO level of PCBM.…”

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confidence: 95%

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Efficient indium-tin-oxide free inverted organic solar cells based on aluminum-doped zinc oxide cathode and low-temperature aqueous solution processed zinc oxide electron extraction layer

Chen

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2014

Applied Physics Letters

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Indium-tin-oxide (ITO) free inverted organic solar cells (IOSCs) based on aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) cathode, low-temperature aqueous solution processed zinc oxide (ZnO) electron extraction layer, and poly(3-hexylthiophene-2, 5-diyl):[6, 6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester blend were realized in this work. The resulted IOSC with ZnO annealed at 150 °C shows the superior power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.01%, if decreasing the ZnO annealing temperature to 100 °C, the obtained IOSC also shows a PCE of 2.76%, and no light soaking issue is observed. It is found that this ZnO film not only acts as an effective buffer layer but also slightly improves the optical transmittance of AZO substrates. Further, despite the relatively inferior air-stability, these un-encapsulated AZO/ZnO IOSCs show comparable PCEs to the referenced ITO/ZnO IOSCs, which demonstrates that the AZO cathode is a potential alternative to ITO in IOSCs. Meanwhile, this simple ZnO process is compatible with large area deposition and plastic substrates, and is promising to be widely used in IOSCs and other relative fields.

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confidence: 95%

“…In addition, it is noted that AZO/ZnO IOSCs also show comparable PCE values to AZO/Ca IOSCs in our other work and weaken the unexpected light soaking issue in AZO/Ca IOSCs. 26 Fig. 3(b) shows the normalized PCEs for AZO based IOSCs measured in one month.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient indium-tin-oxide free inverted organic solar cells based on aluminum-doped zinc oxide cathode and low-temperature aqueous solution processed zinc oxide electron extraction layer

Chen

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2014

Applied Physics Letters

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“…This indicates that the improvement due to the presence of Ca is quickly offset by air contamination. It was shown that, when they are kept in nitrogen, OPVCs using Ca as the buffer layer show a good stability and that a better stability is expected for encapsulated devices . So, to prevent fast degradation and to maintain the device performance improvement due to Ca, it will be necessary to carefully encapsulate the OPVCs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The low work function of Ca is expected to improve the band matching at the electron acceptor/cathode interface . It has been shown that Ca lowers the work function of ITO and AZO , which allows for these materials to be used as cathodes in inverted OPVCs. Through lowering the cathode work function, electron collection is improved and holes are blocked from reaching the cathode, thereby reducing the leakage current.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Al diffusion can introduce conducting levels in the EBL bandgap, which explains why the transport of electrons through the CBL is possible. However, it does not ensure optimum extraction of electrons, as is obtained by using a low work function cathode such as Ca . Nevertheless, due to small exciton diffusion lengths, the active organic layers in planar heterojunctions must be thin, which means that it is necessary to use a reflective cathode in order to improve light absorption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of the presence of Ca in the cathode buffer layer on the performance and stability of organic photovoltaic cells using a branched sexithienylenevinylene oligomer as electron donor

Martínez

Neculqueo

Bérnède

et al. 2015

Phys. Status Solidi A

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Artículo de publicación ISIA new branched sexithienylene vinylene oligomer, (E)-bis-1,2-(5,5-dimethyl-(2,2:3,2-terthiophene)vinylene (BSTV), was synthesized, characterized, and used as the electron donor in a planar heterojunction organic photovoltaic cell (OPVC). The OPVC utilized fullerene (C-60) as the electron acceptor, ITO-coated glass as the anode, and aluminum as the cathode. Hybrid electrode buffer layers of MoO3/CuI on the anode side and of Alq(3)/Ca on the cathode side were used. This shows the effectiveness of the bilayer Alq(3)/Ca as a cathode buffer layer. The thickness of the Ca layer and its effect on the performance and lifetime of the OPVCs were studied. It was found that an Alq(3)/Ca structure with 6nm of Alq(3) and 3nm of Ca has an efficiency () of 2.28%, while a device without Ca has an efficiency of only 1.47%. Combining an optimized thickness of the new donor BSTV (22nm) together with the bilayer cathode buffer layer, a device having an open-circuit voltage, V-oc of 0.84V, a short-circuit current, J(sc) of 3.60mAcm(-2), and a fill factor, FF of 50% was achieved. However, the efficiency of the OPV with Ca decreases rapidly during the first hours of air exposure, resulting in device performance that is similar to a device fabricated without Ca. After this initial degradation, device performance for both types of OPV evolves similarly with continued air exposure

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Stability of inverted organic solar cells with low‐temperature ZnO buffer layer processed from aqueous solution

Chen

Zhang

Wei

et al. 2015

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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Aside from improved PCE and fabrication process, there is however another important factor, the long-term stability, must enter in the recipe for the success of OSCs. It is known that inorganic silicon solar cells may last on the order of 25 years; so in this aspect, the poor stability of OSCs would further limit the practical applications and it must be tremendously improved [11,12]. During last few years, many studies have been carried out to understand and improve the OSC stability issue, which depends on the device structure, active layer materials, fabrication process, and other factors [13][14][15][16]. In recent reports, the device stability could be improved by applying the inverted structure [17], using more stable active layer materials [18],

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High efficient ITO free inverted organic solar cells based on ultrathin Ca modified AZO cathode and their light soaking issue

Cited by 20 publications

References 39 publications

Efficient indium-tin-oxide free inverted organic solar cells based on aluminum-doped zinc oxide cathode and low-temperature aqueous solution processed zinc oxide electron extraction layer

Efficient indium-tin-oxide free inverted organic solar cells based on aluminum-doped zinc oxide cathode and low-temperature aqueous solution processed zinc oxide electron extraction layer

Influence of the presence of Ca in the cathode buffer layer on the performance and stability of organic photovoltaic cells using a branched sexithienylenevinylene oligomer as electron donor

Stability of inverted organic solar cells with low‐temperature ZnO buffer layer processed from aqueous solution

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