High-Efficiency WCDMA Envelope Tracking Base-Station Amplifier Implemented With GaAs HVHBTs

Jeong, Jinseong; Kimball, D.; Kwak, Myoungbo; Draxler, P.; Hsia, Chin; Steinbeiser, Craig; Landon, Thomas; Krutko, Oleh; Larson, L.E.; Asbeck, P.M.

doi:10.1109/jssc.2009.2026845

Cited by 81 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Alternate definitions would simply result in different values for the normalized quantities , , , and without impacting the efficiency, fundamental output power, and fundamental load impedance. Given the definitions of (18) and (19), the normalized fundamental frequency Fourier coefficients of the drain current are derived as…”

Section: Harmonically Terminated Pa Analysis Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the gate-to-drain capacitance is significantly smaller than , can be considered to be approximately linear. Another device technology having an approximately constant is the GaAs high-voltage HBT (HVHBT) [19]. Device technologies that have a nonlinear output capacitance would require an analysis procedure different from that presented in this section.…”

Section: Extension To Practical Pa With Parasitic Output Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of High-Efficiency Power Amplifiers With Arbitrary Output Harmonic Terminations

Roberg

Popović

2011

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

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Abstract-This paper presents an analysis of ideal power amplifier (PA) efficiency maximization subject to a finite set of arbitrary complex harmonic terminations, extending previous results where only purely reactive harmonic terminations were treated. Maximum efficiency and corresponding fundamental output power and load impedance are analyzed as a function of harmonic termination(s). For a PA restricted to second harmonic drain waveform shaping, maximum efficiency as a function of second harmonic termination is treated for cases of both purely real and complex fundamental frequency impedances. For the case of a PA restricted to second and third harmonic drain waveform shaping, peak efficiency as a function of third harmonic impedance with an ideal second harmonic termination is analyzed. Additionally, the sensitivity of PA efficiency with respect to the magnitude and phase of the second and third harmonic load reflection coefficients is examined. The analysis is extended to include device and package parasitics. The paper concludes with a discussion of how the presented general analysis method provides useful insights to the PA designer.

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Section: Harmonically Terminated Pa Analysis Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Extension To Practical Pa With Parasitic Output Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of High-Efficiency Power Amplifiers With Arbitrary Output Harmonic Terminations

Roberg

Popović

2011

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

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“…The principle of the 1 st order nested scheme for modulator was thoroughly illustrated in the prior art [1] by author, which employed nested linear part and controlled current source array to provide more additional peak efficiency points than [2] to boost efficiency and it was flexible to fit for any probability density function (PDF) of complex modulated LTE signal. Efficiency curve shape of the ET modulator is similar to the curve of a multi-way Doherty in RF domain with specific number of "ways".…”

Section: Gan Modulator With 2 Nd Order Nested Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

Wide dyanmic range 2<sup>nd</sup> order nested envelope tracking power amplifier with GaN modulator

Wang

2013

2013 IEEE International Wireless Symposium (IWS)

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In this paper, a wideband envelope tracking base-station power amplifier with a 2 nd order nested scheme utilizing GaN devices for both linear and current source array was presented, which boosts envelope tracking power amplifier efficiency over wide dynamic range. Tuneable peak efficiency points in the 1 st order nested structure make a flexible efficiency adaptation for various wideband modulated signal besides efficiency boosting. Further, the 2 nd order nested scheme was proposed to enhance power saving mode for base station, e.g. LTE/LTE-A, reducing the OPEX by lower power operation according various traffic profiles.

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“…Therefore, the switching frequency can be chosen much lower and switching losses are reduced. Switch-mode assisted linear modulators are widely used (Kimball et al, 2006;Jeong et al, 2009;Hoversten and Popovic, 2010), but suffer from two disadvantages. On the one hand, for very high output powers, the absolute power dissipated in the linear stage becomes very high even if it is small compared to the output power.…”

Section: Class-g Amplifier Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

Envelope tracking of a radio frequency amplifier for Long Term Evolution using a three-level class-G modulator

et al. 2013

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Abstract. In this contribution, efficiency enhancement of a radio frequency (RF) power amplifier (PA) for Long Term Evolution (LTE) base stations using envelope tracking is investigated. The dynamically adapted drain bias voltage is provided by a three-level class-G modulator. The potential of this bias modulator is demonstrated with a class AB PA built in gallium nitride (GaN) technology with an operation frequency of 2.75 GHz, a maximum output power of 41 dBm and a peak power-added efficiency (PAE) of 60 %. When driven by an LTE signal with a bandwidth of 20 MHz, overall system efficiency can be increased from 17 % with a constant supply voltage up to 29 % with envelope tracking. This is accompanied by a reduction of linearity. Adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) decreases by 10 dB in the first and by 18 dB in the second adjacent channel, respectively. Error vector magnitude (EVM) increases from 9 % up to 29 %.

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High-Efficiency WCDMA Envelope Tracking Base-Station Amplifier Implemented With GaAs HVHBTs

Cited by 81 publications

References 18 publications

Analysis of High-Efficiency Power Amplifiers With Arbitrary Output Harmonic Terminations

Analysis of High-Efficiency Power Amplifiers With Arbitrary Output Harmonic Terminations

Wide dyanmic range 2<sup>nd</sup> order nested envelope tracking power amplifier with GaN modulator

Envelope tracking of a radio frequency amplifier for Long Term Evolution using a three-level class-G modulator

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