High-Efficiency Waveguide Optical Amplifiers and Lasers via FS-Laser Induced Local Modification of the Glass Composition

Hoyo, Jesús del; Zarate, Pedro Moreno; Escalante, G.; Vallés, Juan A.; Fernández, Paloma; Solı́s, J.

doi:10.1109/jlt.2017.2705422

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Whatever the detailed mechanisms underlying the process, we have shown that it can be controlled through the processing parameters [8,9] to the point of enabling the production of high-performance photonic components based on FLIER, as above indicated. However, the role of the initial composition of the glass on the final performance of the waveguides that are produced by FLIER has not yet been analyzed in detail.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

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Role of the La/K Compositional Ratio in the Properties of Waveguides Written by Fs-Laser Induced Element Redistribution in Phosphate-Based Glasses

Zarate¹,

Muñoz

Sotillo

et al. 2020

Materials

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The local modification of the composition of glasses by high repetition femtosecond laser irradiation is an attractive method for producing photonic devices. Recently, the successful production of waveguides with a refractive index contrast (Δn) above 10−2 by fs-laser writing has been demonstrated in phosphate glasses containing La2O3 and K2O modifiers. This large index contrast has been related to a local enrichment in lanthanum in the light guiding region accompanied by a depletion in potassium. In this work, we have studied the influence of the initial glass composition on the performance of waveguides that are produced by fs-laser induced element redistribution (FLIER) in phosphate-based samples with different La and K concentrations. We have analyzed the contribution to the electronic polarizability of the different glass constituents based on refractive index measurements of the untreated samples, and used it to estimate the expected index contrast caused by the experimentally measured local compositional changes in laser written guiding structures. These estimated values have been compared to experimental ones that are derived from near field images of the guided modes with an excellent agreement. Therefore, we have developed a method to estimate before-hand the expected index contrast in fs-laser written waveguides via FLIER for a given glass composition. The obtained results stress the importance of considering the contribution to the polarizability of all the moving species when computing the expected refractive index changes that are caused by FLIER processes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…However, the production of real functional devices that are based on FLIER is relatively recent. FLIER has been successfully used to produce waveguides [7,8] and waveguide integrated optical amplifiers and lasers [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of the La/K Compositional Ratio in the Properties of Waveguides Written by Fs-Laser Induced Element Redistribution in Phosphate-Based Glasses

Zarate¹,

Muñoz

Sotillo

et al. 2020

Materials

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“…Waveguide writing, optical and structural characterization details have already been described in detail in previous works . The waveguide inscription setup is based on a high repetition rate fs‐laser (Tangerine, Amplitude Systems, 500 kHz rep. rate) emitting ≈400 fs pulses at 1030 nm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After laser writing along the long axis of the sample, a 2 mm thick glass slice was cut perpendicularly to the waveguides with a diamond saw and its faces were again polished to optical quality in order to perform the imaging ellipsometry measurements. The remnant glass piece was similarly polished in order to bring the end facets of the waveguides to the surface to analyze their near field guided mode distributions at 976 and 1640 nm, as described in detail elsewhere . Details regarding the optical performance of the waveguides are similarly given in those references.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is worth noting that fs‐laser induced local modification of the glass composition has been shown to provide an extremely efficient alternative for the production of high performance passive waveguides, waveguide optical amplifiers and lasers . We have shown that in several glass families including phosphates, tellurites, and borates, it is feasible producing high contrast waveguides by inducing the migration of an index carrier element (La, Te, …) toward the guiding region by fs‐laser irradiation at high repetition rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Imaging Ellipsometry Determination of the Refractive Index Contrast and Dispersion of Channel Waveguides Inscribed by fs‐Laser Induced Ion‐Migration

Zarate

González²,

Funke³

et al. 2018

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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The measurement of the refractive index of optical waveguides is a difficult task that involves different methods, among which those based on the refracted near field determination (RNF) are likely the ones providing the best resolution. Still, most such methods lack spectral resolution, which impedes accessing the index dispersion of the waveguide, an essential parameter for many applications. In this work, the refractive index of channel waveguides produced by fs‐laser induced ion‐migration in a P2O5‐La2O3‐K2O‐based glass is measured by imaging ellipsometry. Along with EDX compositional maps and guiding performance, the dispersion and refractive index maps of several waveguides are measured. The results confirm that, in this glass, waveguides are formed due to an enrichment in La in the topmost part of the laser‐excited region which is accompanied by the cross migration of K toward the region underneath. Interestingly, the index contrast of the waveguides shows a wavelength‐independent behavior for wavelengths above ≈600 nm. This indicates that in the compositional range analyzed, La3+ ions linearly contribute to the glass polarizability due to the relatively large mass of La3+ ions and the relatively small size of the isolated La‐polyhedra accommodated in the phosphate glass network.

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Modeling optical amplification in Er/Yb-codoped integrated Bragg gratings

Sanz-Felipe

Ariza

Benedicto

et al. 2023

Ceramics International

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High-Efficiency Waveguide Optical Amplifiers and Lasers via FS-Laser Induced Local Modification of the Glass Composition

Cited by 24 publications

References 20 publications

Role of the La/K Compositional Ratio in the Properties of Waveguides Written by Fs-Laser Induced Element Redistribution in Phosphate-Based Glasses

Role of the La/K Compositional Ratio in the Properties of Waveguides Written by Fs-Laser Induced Element Redistribution in Phosphate-Based Glasses

Imaging Ellipsometry Determination of the Refractive Index Contrast and Dispersion of Channel Waveguides Inscribed by fs‐Laser Induced Ion‐Migration

Modeling optical amplification in Er/Yb-codoped integrated Bragg gratings

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