High efficiency RF power amplifiers featuring package integrated load insensitive class-E devices

Qureshi, Abdul Raheem; Acar, Mustafa; Pires, Sergio; Vreede, L.C.N. de

doi:10.1109/mwsym.2017.8059067

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…This enables easy to assemble wideband Doherty and/or highly performance outphasing designs with "class-E like" peak efficiencies, as such enhancing the state of the art. This paper continues and further develops the work of [9] in the following aspects. The theoretical background of QLI class-E devices, featuring optimum package integrated harmonic terminations and their operation is presented.…”

supporting

confidence: 54%

“…The realized wideband low-pass class-E DPA demonstrates 49(±3)% average efficiency over 60% relative BW (1.4-2.6 GHz) for 7-dB PAR LTE signals, while showing excellent linearizability in both single carrier, as well as multiband LTE/WCDMA scenarios (ACPR better than −50 dBc). When the proposed devices are applied in mixed-mode outphasing transmitter 67% average efficiency can be obtained with a comparable linearity performance [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The introduced package integrated matching technique, combined with a wideband DPA topology can provide high efficiency over a large BW, with very low fluctuation in efficiency and output power. The realized Doherty and mixed-mode outphasing transmitter demonstrators of [9] were measured on a dual input test bench, which is capable of sweeping both amplitude and relative phase of the generated input signals as well as provide modulated signals. The realized wideband low-pass class-E DPA demonstrates 49(±3)% average efficiency over 60% relative BW (1.4-2.6 GHz) for 7-dB PAR LTE signals, while showing excellent linearizability in both single carrier, as well as multiband LTE/WCDMA scenarios (ACPR better than −50 dBc).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the circuit of Fig. 1(a), the circuit element values can be found using the equations from [9] and [16] for q = 1.3. However, when considering practical RF power devices, mounted within "standard" RF packages [12], [17]- [20], size, cost, and bias feed constraints limit the number of practical matching network topologies.…”

Section: A Implementation Package Integrated Low-pass Qli Class-e Dementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [9], harmonically matched GaN devices for quasi-load insensitive (QLI) class-E operation, implemented within a standard RF package, were proposed for use in DPA and outphasing configurations. This choice for QLI class-E is based on the very high efficiency that this specific class-E operation can provide over a large load range.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Efficiency and Wide Bandwidth Quasi-Load Insensitive Class-E Operation Utilizing Package Integration

Qureshi

Acar

Pires³

et al. 2018

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

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Packaged integrated low-pass quasi-load insensitive (QLI) class-E matching is proposed for the realization of energyefficient wideband Doherty and outphasing transmitters. In view of this, a dedicated QLI class-E harmonic matching technique, suitable for in-package integration has been developed, optimized, and evaluated. As proof of concept, very compact, as well as easy to assemble, dual-input load-modulating transmitters have been realized. In this paper, we focus on a QLI class-E matched wideband Doherty that provides 71% peak efficiency (±3%) at 48-dBm saturated output power and 49% (±7%) efficiency at 6-dB power backoff, over a 1200-MHz frequency span (1.4-2.6 GHz), yielding 60% fractional bandwidth (BW). When tested with single-carrier long-term evolution (LTE) signals, having a 7-dB peak-to-average ratio, average efficiency remains close to 49% (±3%) for the entire 60% fractional BW. The realized demonstrator shows excellent linearizability with adjacent channel power ratio and normalized mean square error levels below −50 dBc and −36 dB, respectively, even when operated in simultaneous dual-band LTE operation.Index Terms-Doherty, dual input, harmonic matching, high efficiency, package integration, quasi-load insensitive (QLI) class-E, wideband.

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supporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Implementation Package Integrated Low-pass Qli Class-e Dementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Efficiency and Wide Bandwidth Quasi-Load Insensitive Class-E Operation Utilizing Package Integration

Qureshi

Acar

Pires³

et al. 2018

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

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Switch-Based Variable Length Stubs Network for PA Load Sensitivity Reduction

et al. 2019

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In Fifth Generation (5G) Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) transceivers, Power Amplifiers (PAs) driving antenna arrays experience varying loading conditions. In fact, the input impedance of each antenna element changes within a Smith chart region, a phenomenon attributed to mutual coupling, which will affect PA behavior. Although PA performance is load dependent, its output power and drain efficiency contours are nearly constant along specific straight lines in the Smith chart, a characteristic that can be exploited to improve PA performance in variable load scenarios. This work presents a compression network, featuring switch-based variable length stubs, capable of transforming any load within a 2.1 Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) circle into a purely resistive load. This network was designed, implemented, measured and used in the Output Matching Network (OMN) of two Class E PAs being able to compensate the output power variation of the first PA and the efficiency degradation of the second PA under the defined load variation. The innovation of this network is the capability to reduce output power or efficiency load sensibility, which is very much desired in many applications, by using an easily implementable and low loss (0.3dB-0.5dB) network. By properly adjusting the distance between stubs and switches it is also able to transform slightly different load patterns into other optimal lines or curves.INDEX TERMS Compression network, load insensitiveness, load modulation, MIMO, mutual coupling, power amplifiers.

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HF Class-E Power Amplifier with Improved Efficiency for Mismatched Loads

Raab

2023

2023 53rd European Microwave Conference (EuMC)

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High efficiency RF power amplifiers featuring package integrated load insensitive class-E devices

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

High Efficiency and Wide Bandwidth Quasi-Load Insensitive Class-E Operation Utilizing Package Integration

High Efficiency and Wide Bandwidth Quasi-Load Insensitive Class-E Operation Utilizing Package Integration

Switch-Based Variable Length Stubs Network for PA Load Sensitivity Reduction

HF Class-E Power Amplifier with Improved Efficiency for Mismatched Loads

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