High efficiency purification of natural flake graphite by flotation combined with alkali-melting acid leaching: application in energy storage

Zhao, Saidan; Cheng, Song; Xing, Baolin; Ma, Mingjie; Shi, Changliang; Gan, Cheng; Meng, Weibo; Zhang, Chuanxiang

doi:10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.11.001

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Gangue phase accounts for more than 90% in natural flake graphite ore, which is composed of mica, feldspar, quartz, magnetite, ilmenite, a small amount of pyrite, etc. Many inorganic minerals are embedded in the graphite surface and the carbon layer and are closely associated with the carbon matrix, making them difficult to separate and purify. , Despite multiple flotation steps, 5% of gangue cannot be completely separated, , including muscovite and quartz, , so the key to obtain high-purity graphite is how to efficiently remove muscovite and quartz.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydroxyl Removal in Muscovite by Heating for Low-Fluoride Purification of Natural Flake Graphite

Feng,

Zou,

Zhao

et al. 2024

Energy Fuels

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To reduce the amount of hydrofluoric acid in the purification process of natural flake graphite and increase the utilization rate of spherical graphite tailing, high-purity spherical graphite tailing was prepared by hydrochloric acid leaching, heat treatment, and hydrofluoric acid leaching. After hydrochloric acid leaching, the purity of spherical graphite tailing was increased from 97.05 to 97.72%, and the remaining impurities were mainly muscovite and quartz. Compared with uncalcined graphite, 99.9% high-purity graphite was obtained by heat treatment at 900 °C, and the ratio of hydrofluoric acid to spherical graphite tailing was decreased from 1.6 to 0.6 mL g −1 . In the process of heat treatment, the chlorite structure decomposes at 800 °C to form forsterite, enstatite, and spinel. As the −OH group of muscovite was removed, the intermediate layer of muscovite was opened, making it easier to react with hydrofluoric acid and reducing the amount of hydrofluoric acid. The high-purity spherical graphite tailing obtained was used as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries, with a reversible capacity of up to 400 mAh g −1 after 400 cycles, which had a wide application prospect in energy storage.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydroxyl Removal in Muscovite by Heating for Low-Fluoride Purification of Natural Flake Graphite

Feng,

Zou,

Zhao

et al. 2024

Energy Fuels

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“…Natural graphite, as one of the critical raw materials, can be classified into microcrystalline/aphanitic (amorphous) and crystalline (flake) based on crystallinity as well as grain (flake) size and shape. , The grade of flake graphite is generally lower, and its washability is higher than other types, such as dense crystalline graphite and microcrystalline graphite. By increasing the demand for flake graphite, the beneficiation of fine and ultrafine graphite ores (fine flake and aphanitic graphite) has been widely considered. − Flotation and chemical purification (leaching) are the main processes for upgrading graphite and its ash removal. , Prior to chemical purification, flotation separation is commonly used for the preliminary enrichment of raw graphite ore with the highest amount of graphite, ∼95% …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound Pretreatment for Enhancing Fine and Ultrafine Flake Graphite Flotation Beneficiation

Tong,

Lu,

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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With the severe depletion of coarse flake graphite (a critical raw material) resources, developing and utilizing fine and ultrafine graphite resources have recently attracted attention. Froth flotation is a widely used technique for the initial enrichment of graphite; however, the flotation selectivity decreases significantly along with particle size reduction. Ultrasound pretreatment would be a promising method to improve the flotation of fine particles. As an innovative approach to understand better the flotation response of different flake graphite sizes, this study conducted a comparative analysis based on flotation concentrate yield and ash as well as ash removal rate between the flake graphite with various particle sizes after ultrasound pretreatment. Particle size, X-ray powder diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses were used to investigate the effect of ultrasound treatment on mineralogical properties of the flake graphite with varied particle sizes. Process outcomes indicated that the flotation performance of fine flake graphite (mean chord length: 62.63 μm) was significantly enhanced after ultrasound pretreatment. However, flotation of the ultrafine flake graphite (mean chord length: 24.97 μm) after ultrasound treatment was limited due to the difficulty of generating sufficient fragmentation and dissociation by microjets and shock waves formed by the cavitation effect. Compared with conventional flotation, the concentrate yield of ultrasound flotation increased from 88.95 to 94.98%, ash content decreased from 5.72 to 4.87%, and ash removal rate enhanced from 36.94 to 42.61%. Particle size and mineral property analyses confirmed that further crushing and dissociation of the larger flake graphite after ultrasound pretreatment would be the main factors contributing to improved flotation performance. Additionally, the formation of air flocs in the coarse flake graphite during the ultrasound pretreatment process facilitated the flotation recovery of the crushed graphite particles.

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“…This improvement can be attributed to the enhanced dispersion of GO within the coating matrix and the enhancement of its barrier properties. However, in light of the growing industrial demand for graphite (graphene), natural graphite is emerging as a pivotal strategic resource, witnessing a steady rise in prices [ 14 , 15 ]. So, it is necessary to identify alternative graphite-based materials that are readily accessible and cost-effective raw materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amino-Modified Graphene Oxide from Kish Graphite for Enhancing Corrosion Resistance of Waterborne Epoxy Coatings

Hao,

Wan,

Hou

et al. 2024

Materials

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Waterborne epoxy (WEP) coatings with enhanced corrosion resistance were prepared using graphene oxide (GO) that was obtained from kish graphite, and amino-functionalized graphene oxide (AGO) was modified by 2-aminomalonamide. The structural characteristics of the GO and AGO were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). And the anti-corrosive performance of waterborne epoxy-cased composite coatings with different addition amounts of AGO was investigated using electrochemical measurements, pull-off adhesion tests, and salt spray tests. The results indicate that AGO15/WEP with 0.15 wt.% of AGO has the best anti-corrosive performance, and the lowest frequency impedance modulus increased from 1.03 × 108 to 1.63 × 1010 ohm·cm−2 compared to that of WEP. Furthermore, AGO15/WEP also demonstrates the minimal corrosion products or bubbles in the salt spray test for 200 h, affirming its exceptional long-term corrosion protection capability.

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High efficiency purification of natural flake graphite by flotation combined with alkali-melting acid leaching: application in energy storage

Cited by 14 publications

References 54 publications

Hydroxyl Removal in Muscovite by Heating for Low-Fluoride Purification of Natural Flake Graphite

Hydroxyl Removal in Muscovite by Heating for Low-Fluoride Purification of Natural Flake Graphite

Ultrasound Pretreatment for Enhancing Fine and Ultrafine Flake Graphite Flotation Beneficiation

Amino-Modified Graphene Oxide from Kish Graphite for Enhancing Corrosion Resistance of Waterborne Epoxy Coatings

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