High efficiency organic solar cells based on single or multiple PIN structures

Drechsel, J.; Männig, B.; Kozlowski, F.; Gebeyehu, D.; Werner, Ansgar; Koch, M. H. J.; Leo, Karl; Pfeiffer, Martin

doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2003.11.044

Cited by 64 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The efficiency of light conversion (1.5%) by bilayer 23-ZnPc cells (compound 23 is deposited from solu tion) is close to the record values for cells based on un modified C 60 and ZnPc, which were completely prepared by vacuum deposition (this results in a higher cost price of such cells). 67 Photovoltaic cells are characterized by the following parameters: the short circuit current (I sc ), the open cir cuit voltage (U oc ), the fill factor (FF), and the conversion efficiency (η). These parameters for PCBM/ZnPc based cells (see Fig.…”

Section: Scheme 27mentioning

confidence: 99%

New pyrrolidine and pyrroline derivatives of fullerenes: from the synthesis to the use in light-converting systems

et al. 2008

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The results of the authors' studies on the [2+3] cycloaddition of azomethine and nitrile ylides generated from picolylamine and benzylamine derivatives to fullerenes are systematized and new experimental data are considered. Catalysts and microwave radiation promoting the formation of ylides and their addition to fullerenes were successfully used for the first time. A large series of new pyrrolidine and pyrroline derivatives of fullerenes C 60 and C 70 were synthesized and characterized. The proposed procedures afford the reaction products in yields twice as high (80-85%) as those attained by the classical Prato reaction. The reactions proceed with virtually complete regio (in the case of C 70 ) and stereoselectivity to afford only cis 2´,5´ disubstituted and trans 1´,2´,5´ trisubstituted pyrrolidinofullerenes. Pyridyl substituted pyrrolidinofullerenes react with metalloporphyrins and phthalocyanines to form self ordered coordination complexes. The latter are analogs of natural photosynthetic antenna systems due to photoinduced charge separation that occurs in these complexes upon exposure to light.

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Section: Scheme 27mentioning

confidence: 99%

New pyrrolidine and pyrroline derivatives of fullerenes: from the synthesis to the use in light-converting systems

et al. 2008

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“…[7,21,22] The most common candidate for the acceptor material is [6,6]-phenyl C 61 -butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). [23] On the other hand, several small molecules such as copper phthalocyanine (CuPc), [24][25][26] zinc pthalocyanine (ZnPc), [27,28] tetracene, [29] and pentacene [30] have been used as donors combined with buckminsterfullerene (C 60 ) molecules in a bilayer heterojunction. The highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) reported so far for polymer BHJ solar cells is close to 5 %, for devices based on P3HT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accurate Measurement and Characterization of Organic Solar Cells

et al. 2006

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Methods to accurately measure the current–voltage characteristics of organic solar cells under standard reporting conditions are presented. Four types of organic test cells and two types of silicon reference cells (unfiltered and with a KG5 color filter) are selected to calculate spectral‐mismatch factors for different test‐cell/reference‐cell combinations. The test devices include both polymer/fullerene‐based bulk‐heterojunction solar cells and small‐molecule‐based heterojunction solar cells. The spectral responsivities of test cells are measured as per American Society for Testing and Materials Standard E1021, and their dependence on light‐bias intensity is reported. The current–voltage curves are measured under 100 mW cm–2 standard AM 1.5 G (AM: air mass) spectrum (International Electrotechnical Commission 69094‐1) generated from a source set with a reference cell and corrected for spectral error.

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“…Electrical doping in organic devices has progressed significantly in the past decade. [1][2][3][4][5] However, in spite of appreciable development of doping in organic molecular materials, the theory and understanding of the processes involved remain in infancy, relative to inorganic semiconductors. In the latter case, the physics of doping has been well established for many years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolated molecular dopants in pentacene observed by scanning tunneling microscopy

Kahn

2009

Phys. Rev. B

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Doping is essential to the control of electronic structure and conductivity of semiconductor materials. Whereas doping of inorganic semiconductors is well established, doping of organic molecular semiconductors is still relatively poorly understood. Using scanning tunneling microscopy, we investigate, at the molecular scale, surface and subsurface tetrafluoro-tetracyanoquinodimethane p-dopants in the prototypical molecular semiconductor pentacene. Surface dopants diffuse to pentacene vacancies and appear as negatively charged centers, consistent with the standard picture of an ionized acceptor. Subsurface dopants, however, have the effect of a positive charge, evidence that the donated hole is localized by the parent acceptor counterion, in contrast to the model of doping in inorganic semiconductors. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy shows that the electron potential energy is locally lowered near a subsurface dopant feature, in agreement with the localized hole model.

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High efficiency organic solar cells based on single or multiple PIN structures

Cited by 64 publications

References 8 publications

New pyrrolidine and pyrroline derivatives of fullerenes: from the synthesis to the use in light-converting systems

New pyrrolidine and pyrroline derivatives of fullerenes: from the synthesis to the use in light-converting systems

Accurate Measurement and Characterization of Organic Solar Cells

Isolated molecular dopants in pentacene observed by scanning tunneling microscopy

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