High-Efficiency Integrated Color Routers by Simple Identical Nanostructures for Visible and Near-Infrared Wavelengths

Zhong, Rong-Xuan; Xu, Xiulan; Zhou, Yongle; Liang, Haowen; Li, Juntao

doi:10.3390/photonics10050536

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…However, simple cuboid structures adopted in most of the early works often fail to provide sufficient phasedispersion coverage to ensure color router operation. To overcome this issue, one can increase the structural complexity of a unit cell to secure enough degrees of freedom to cover a larger portion of the phase-dispersion space, either by diversifying the shape of the nanoposts [36,[85][86][87] or by stacking multiple layers vertically [88,89] to increase the structural complexity of a unit cell.…”

Section: Fixed-form Color Routersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Towards subwavelength pixels: nanophotonic color routers for ultra-compact high-efficiency CMOS image sensors

Park,

Lee,

Lee

et al. 2024

J. Opt.

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The proliferation of smartphones and the widespread use of camera modules necessitate CMOS image sensors with high pixel density. The recent competitive race to miniaturize pixels has enabled commercial CMOS sensors with submicron pixels to reach sizes as small as 0.5 μm. However, further downsizing towards subwavelength pixels faces fundamental challenges as the conventional focus-and-filter approach suffers from the diminishing focusing ability of conventional microlens arrays and optical efficiency constraints imposed by absorptive color filters. Nanophotonic color routers have emerged to overcome these challenges via efficient spatiospectral splitting, thereby directing incident light into corresponding pixels. In particular, recent developments in free-form device optimization methods enable the design of highly efficient color routers by exploring a large combinatorial design space, which was previously considered to be intractable with conventional design methods. In this review, we comprehensively introduce a multitude of research achievements in the field of nanophotonic color routers for CMOS image sensors with a special emphasis on their design methodologies.

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Section: Fixed-form Color Routersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The measured average sorting efficiency and acceptance angle were 51% and 16.5 • , respectively. Several other studies have used similar principles to design NIR-visible color routers [86,87].…”

Section: Fixed-form Color Routersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards subwavelength pixels: nanophotonic color routers for ultra-compact high-efficiency CMOS image sensors

Park,

Lee,

Lee

et al. 2024

J. Opt.

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Inverse design of a light nanorouter for a spatially multiplexed optical filter

Peng,

Lu,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Opt. Lett.

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It is attractive to use an optical nanorouter by artificial nanostructures to substitute the traditional Bayer filter for an image array sensor, which, however, poses great challenges in balancing the design strategy and the ease of fabrication. Here, we implement and compare two inverse design schemes for rapid optimization of RGGB Bayer-type optical nanorouter. One is based on the multiple Mie scattering theory and the adjoint gradient that is applicable to arrays of nanospheres with varying sizes, and the other is based on the rigorous coupled wave analysis and the genetic algorithm. In both cases, we study layered nanostructures that can be efficiently modeled respectively which greatly accelerates the inverse design. It is shown that the color-dependent peak collection efficiencies of nanorouters designed in the two methods for red, green, and blue wavelengths reach 37%, 44%, and 45% and 52%, 50%, and 66%, respectively. We further demonstrate color nanorouters that provide light focusing to four quadrants working in both the visible and infrared bands, which promises multispectral imaging applications.

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A metasurface color router facilitating RGB-NIR sensing for an image sensor application

Hong,

Jeon,

et al. 2024

Nanophotonics

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CMOS image sensor (CIS) plays a crucial role in diverse optical applications by facilitating the capture of images in the visible and near-infrared spectra. The enhancement of image resolution in CIS by an increase in pixel density is becoming more significant and realizable with the recent progress of nanofabrication. However, as pixel size decreases towards the diffraction limit, there is an inevitable trade-off between the scale-down of pixel size and the enhancement of optical sensitivity. Recently, to overcome this, an entirely new concept of spectral sensing using a nanophotonic-based color router has been proposed. In this work, we present a metasurface-based spectral router to effectively split the spectrum from visible to near-infrared and redirect through the four optical channels to the targeted pixel surfaces. We optimize the metasurface that simultaneously controls the phases of the transmitted light of targeted spectra, i.e. red (R), green (G), blue (B), and near-infrared (NIR), which is the largest number of channels reported based on a single layered metasurface and has an optical efficiency that surpasses the efficiency of conventional color filter systems.

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High-Efficiency Integrated Color Routers by Simple Identical Nanostructures for Visible and Near-Infrared Wavelengths

Cited by 3 publications

References 28 publications

Towards subwavelength pixels: nanophotonic color routers for ultra-compact high-efficiency CMOS image sensors

Towards subwavelength pixels: nanophotonic color routers for ultra-compact high-efficiency CMOS image sensors

Inverse design of a light nanorouter for a spatially multiplexed optical filter

A metasurface color router facilitating RGB-NIR sensing for an image sensor application

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