High-efficiency (>20%) planar carbon-based perovskite solar cells through device configuration engineering

Design and Cost Analysis of 100 MW Perovskite Solar Panel Manufacturing Process in Different Locations

“…As purging and venting the vacuum chamber requires large amounts of time and energy, the thermal evaporation of metal electrodes is difficult to scale up, and it is uncertain whether it would be commercially viable. The carbon-based back-contact, deposited as a carbon paste, could potentially remove the need of a hole transport layer (HTL). − Despite this, the layer thickness of the carbon electrode is much higher than that required for metal electrodes (Table S3), mainly due to its lower conductivity, with the thickness reaching up to 60 μm for the most efficient devices . This means a much higher material requirement per m 2 of panel.…”

“…13−15 Despite this, the layer thickness of the carbon electrode is much higher than that required for metal electrodes (Table S3), mainly due to its lower conductivity, with the thickness reaching up to 60 μm for the most efficient devices. 16 This means a much higher material requirement per m 2 of panel. Using an optimistic scenario of 2-μm thickness for the carbon layer, options 5 and 6 (Table 1) are the most expensive.…”

Carbon Electrode Endows High‐Efficiency Perovskite Photovoltaics Affordable, Fully Printable, and Durable

“…[13] Since then, the carbon-electrode-based PSCs (C-PSCs) have attracted intensive research interest and have been widely reported. Over the past decade, through rational optimization of compositions, morphologies, processing techniques, contact junctions, and device architectures, the PCEs of C-PSCs have been progressively elevated to exceed 22%, [14][15][16] gradually diminishing the PCE gap with the metal CEs-based counterparts. And the operational stability of C-PSCs has been extended to nearly 10 000 h, significantly outperforming the metal CEs-based devices.…”

An Innovative Anode Interface Combination for Perovskite Solar Cells with Improved Efficiency, Stability, and Reproducibility

“…[ 21 ] Rational design and engineering of interface layers can play an essential role in further improving the performance and industrial viability of PSCs. [ 22–30 ]…”

“…[21] Rational design and engineering of interface layers can play an essential role in further improving the performance and industrial viability of PSCs. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] So far, highly efficient PSCs have been mostly demonstrated for the n-i-p device configuration, with 2,2 0 ,7,7 0 -tetrakis(N,N-dip-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9 0 spirobifluorene (Spiro-MeOTAD) or poly(triarylamine) (PTAA) as the hole-transporting layer (HTL) and an ultrathin molecular layer, e.g., phenethylammonium iodide (PEAI), to passivate the perovskite top surface. [31][32][33] However, not all of these concepts are equally scalable.…”