High efficiency (>20%) and stable inverted perovskite solar cells: current progress and future challenges

Abstract

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are broadly assembled in two ways; regular (n-i-p) and inverted (p–i–n) structures. Inverted PSCs architecture have attracted attention due to their consistent operational stability and low...

Achieving High Fill Factor in Efficient P‐i‐N Perovskite Solar Cells

“…Since there are plentiful surface traps and mismatched energy levels, which severely limit charge carrier extraction and result in a significant energy offset, NiOx HTL performs worse than its organic regular counterparts. [ 3 ] Moreover, the NiOx nanoparticles (NP) are invariably capped by contaminant ions. For instance, the inadequate removal of NO 3 − ions, which are produced during the synthesis process, leads to impurities being introduced into the NiOx layer, lowering the device's efficiency and long‐term stability.…”

“…Organic‐inorganic lead halide perovskites have attracted tremendous interest in optoelectronic applications, [ 1–6 ] especially in the field of high‐efficiency and cost‐effective photovoltaic (PV) technologies. [ 7,8 ] During the past decade, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged and experienced unprecedentedly skyrocketing power conversion efficiency (PCE) progress.…”

Enhanced Open-Circuit Voltage and Improved Stability with 3-Guanidinoproponic Acid as the Passivation Agent in Blade-Coated Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

“…5 Although the inverted PSCs demonstrate a lower PCE than the spin-coated regular PSCs, they have garnered more interest and prominence due to their compatibility with low-temperature scalable coating techniques, better device stability, and suitability for tandem device application. 6,7 Apart from film processing and device architecture, the relatively low barrier to the formation of ionic defects due to the low formation or crystallization energy of perovskite is a significant challenge. These defects often appear at the surface or grain boundaries (GBs) of polycrystalline perovskite films, initiating nonradiative recombination of photogenerated carriers and suppressing the photovoltaic performance of the PSCs.…”

“…Achieving high-efficiency inverted (p-i-n) PSCs using scalable coating techniques is still challenging . Although the inverted PSCs demonstrate a lower PCE than the spin-coated regular PSCs, they have garnered more interest and prominence due to their compatibility with low-temperature scalable coating techniques, better device stability, and suitability for tandem device application. , …”

Pure 2H phase MoSe2 nanosheets promote the formation of a porous PbI2 film and modulate residual stress for highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells

“…4 Currently, the high PCE is mostly achieved by devices with a regular structure (n-i-p) compared to those with an inverted (p-i-n) structure, making them favorable candidates for next-generation solar cells. 5,6 The perovskite (PVK) layer can be fabricated by onestep or two-step processes, which had been commonly used in the PSC field. 7,8 Compared with random nucleation/growth in one-step processes, sequential two-step deposition methods have some obvious advantages, 9,10 such as a controllable and repeatable process, easily forming vertical columnar grains, allowing for the preparation of thicker PVK absorbers and being more suitable for scale-up manufacturing.…”