High-efficiency energy-saving buildings utilizing potassium tungsten bronze heat-insulating glass and polyethylene glycol/expanded energy storage blanket

Multi-objective optimization designs of phase change material-enhanced building using the integration of the Stacking model and NSGA-III algorithm

“…(I) Parametric design and data generation. Previous studies [12,33] have proved that the thermo-regulated performance of PCM on indoor temperature is affected by its usage and building heat gain. Therefore, PCM thickness (i.e., exterior walls, roof, and floor), window-towall ratio (WWR), exterior glazing U-value (EGU), and solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) of the window are selected as the decision variables for the passive design of PCM-enhanced building.…”

“…The efficiency of PCM-enhanced building envelopes in energy saving is influenced by various factors such as building heat gain, PCM layer layout, PCM layer thickness, thermal physical parameters of PCMs, etc. [10][11][12]. Kishore et al [13] investigated the effect of various PCM parameters, including phase change temperature, thickness, latent heat, transition range, density, specific heat, thermal conductivity, and PCM location in the wall, on the heat gain of building through sensitivity analysis.…”

“…Branch connects node and represents judgments about the output of a variable in a value domain. The leaf node corresponds to the decision result.ERFBoosting model ADB 𝐴(𝑥) = ∑ 𝛼 𝑡 ℎ 𝑡(𝑥) 𝑇 𝑡=1(12) ℎ 𝑡 (𝑥) is the tth weak learner and 𝛼 𝑡 is the corresponding weight of the weak learner.GBDT 𝐹 0 = 𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝐹 ∑ 𝐿(𝑦 𝑖 , 𝑐) 𝑁 𝑖=1(13) 𝐹 𝑡 = 𝐹 𝑡−1 + 𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑚𝑖𝑛 ℎ 𝑡 𝜖𝐻 ∑ [𝐿(𝑦 𝑖 , 𝐹 𝑡−1 (𝑥 𝑖 ) + ℎ 𝑡 (𝑥 𝑖 ))] 𝑖 ,𝐹 𝑡−1 (𝑥 𝑖 )) 𝜕𝐹 𝑡−1 (𝑥 𝑖 )(15)…”

Silica/Cesium Tungsten Bronze Composite Nanospheres with Synergistically Enhanced Thermal Insulation Properties for Transparent Coatings

“…It is well known that visible radiation (400–780 nm, 45%) and near-infrared radiation (780–2500 nm, 52%) are the main heat sources of sunlight and can penetrate ordinary transparent building glass, greatly increasing the energy consumption and carbon emissions in the building cooling process. , Near-infrared shielding materials are ideal fillers for transparent thermal insulation coatings because they can effectively absorb or reflect NIR light without affecting the visible light transmittance. In recent years, tungsten bronze (M x WO 3 , M = Li + , Na + , K + , Rb + , Cs + ) doped with alkali metal elements has become the focus in this field due to its excellent optical properties, − especially for the application of Cs-doped hexagonal tungsten bronze (Cs x WO 3 , abbreviated as CWO) in architectural glass and automotive films. − The near-infrared shielding effect of cesium tungsten bronze is achieved by absorbing near-infrared light under the action of local surface plasmon resonance and small polaritons, revealing excellent photothermal conversion capability . Studies have been conducted to apply CWO to solar water evaporation, wearable solar storage fabrics, and other fields , with the help of its good photothermal conversion.…”