High-efficiency cathode potassium compensation and interfacial stability improvement enabled by dipotassium squarate for potassium-ion batteries

Zhao, Shuoqing; Liu, Zhichao; Xie, Guanshun; Guo, Zhen; Wang, Shuguang; Zhou, Junhu; Xie, Xiuqiang; Sun, Bing; Guo, Shaojun; Wang, Guoxiu

doi:10.1039/d2ee00833e

Cited by 29 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…As a result, the size-controllable KC 8 foil can achieve a high areal capacity up to 1.49 mAh cm −2 for K + storage, which is expected to replace K metal and Gr as a specialized anode for practical full-cell PIBs. [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] When being coupled with perylene tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) cathode, a stackable PTCDA||KC 8 pouch cell is well designed, and it displays a record-high capacity of 106 mAh and a high energy density >100 Wh kg −1 based on the total mass of cathode and anode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Prepotassiation Realizes Scalable KC₈Foil Anodes for Potassium‐Ion Pouch Cells

Liang

Tang

Zhu

et al. 2023

Advanced Energy Materials

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potassium (K) metal are two typical anodes for PIBs. [4][5][6][7] Nevertheless, the former is facing the challenge of low initial coulombic efficiency (ICE, typically < 80%) and poor cycling stability in conventional electrolytes. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] In order to compensate the consumption of active K + ions, the electrochemical prepotassiation of Gr anode is generally carried out to improve the overall performance of potassium-ion full cells. [15] This method seems to be effective, while the lack of standardized prepotassium potential of Gr can mislead the assessment of full battery performance. [16] Although K metal anodes have attracted great attention for realizing high energy density of half-cell PIBs in recent years, [17][18][19][20][21][22] the low metallic bonding energy makes it unavailable to be directly processed into rollable and foldable foils as commercial Li metal foils with thickness of micrometer scales (Figure S1, Supporting Information). [23][24][25][26] Particularly, K metal suffers from notorious dendrite growth and inevitable parasitic reactions with electrolytes which usually lead to safety issues and rapid degradation. [27] What is worse, the real electrochemical behavior of electrodes is concealed although infinite K + ions can be provided by K metal. It is obvious that the use of Gr and K metal as anodes for potassium-ion coin cells is still inadequate, not to mention the research for potassium-ion pouch cells. KC 8 , a Gr intercalation compound, is thermodynamically stable, and exhibits similar electrochemical properties as K metal anodes such as the low redox potential (−2.7 vs −2.93 V) and high specific volume capacity (544 vs 609 mAh cm −3 ). [28][29][30] More interestingly, KC 8 seems to be compatible with both ether and ester-based solvents, suggesting it is a highly promising alternative to K metal anode for PIBs. [27,30] Recently, smart strategies have been proposed to prepare KC 8 , including electrochemical prepotassiation, [15,16] high-temperature mixing of Gr and metallic K, [30] and compressing K metal directly on the surface of Gr moistened with electrolytes. [27] Nevertheless, these methods face the challenges of troublesome disassembly/reassembly processes of K||Gr half cells or impure-phase KC 8 products, which impedes the practical applications of KC 8 . Therefore, the scalable production of pure-phase KC 8 is urgently needed to facilitate the fundamental research of PIBs and the advancement of pouch cells.Here, through adopting a chemical prepotassiation strategy of Gr anodes, a large-area KC 8 foil was successfully fabricated Currently, graphite (Gr) and potassium metal are two typical and widely used anodes for potassium-ion batteries (PIBs). Unfortunately, the inevitable electrochemical prepotassiation of Gr anode and the unprocessable nature of K metal hinder the advancement of potassium-ion pouch cells. There is an urgent need to develop alternative anodes for promoting the practical applications of PIBs. Herein, KC 8 is proposed as a specialized anode for t...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Prepotassiation Realizes Scalable KC₈Foil Anodes for Potassium‐Ion Pouch Cells

Liang

Tang

Zhu

et al. 2023

Advanced Energy Materials

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[62] Since then, more and more research groups have studied various types of layered oxides with better electrochemical performance and deeper understanding of the potassium storage mechanism. [63] Herein, we will summarize the current study advance and prospective of layered transition-metal oxide cathodes in PIBs, starting with the classifications, advantages, and challenges, followed by a detailed focus on the fine structure optimization and energy storage mechanisms along with their crystal structure, phase composition, structural characterization analysis, and electrochemical properties. In addition, a brief overview on advanced characterization techniques for PIBs will be introduced in detail.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Fine Structure Optimizations of Layered Transition‐Metal Oxide Cathodes for Potassium‐Ion Batteries

Wang

Xiao

Han

et al. 2022

Advanced Energy Materials

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Potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) have attracted significant research interest in the context of driving the advancement of grid energy storage due to K's elemental abundance and high theoretical output voltage. The main challenge facing PIBs is to find suitable cathode materials with fast transport kinetics and stable framework structures to intercalate/de‐intercalate the large‐size K+. Among these candidates, transition‐metal layered oxides are have excellent potential and have been extensively exploited due to their stable skeleton structure, simple synthetic chemistry, and high working potential. Herein, the current research status and prospects of layered transition‐metal oxide cathodes are summarized, especially focussing on the fine structure optimization engineering and energy storage mechanism. In addition, a brief overview of the research on advanced characterization techniques for PIBs is introduced in detail. Finally, the main research directions and hot spots of new‐type transition‐metal layered oxide cathode are also predicted, in order to guide the future development of advanced PIBs.

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“…3−6 Other alkaline metal ion batteries with abundant resources and low prices, such as sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) and potassium-ion batteries (PIBs), have received extensive attention. 7,8 In particular, the redox potential of K + /K (−2.93 V vs standard hydrogen electrode) is lower than that of Na + /Na (−2.71 V), helping to achieve higher voltage and energy density. 9 Moreover, K + shows a smaller Stokes radius in ester-based electrolytes than Na + , contributing to a high rate capability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) have achieved remarkable success in electronic products and electric vehicle fields. , However, the future form of LIBs in large-scale energy storage is not optimistic because of the problems such as shortage of resources, uneven distribution, and rising prices. − Other alkaline metal ion batteries with abundant resources and low prices, such as sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) and potassium-ion batteries (PIBs), have received extensive attention. , In particular, the redox potential of K + /K (−2.93 V vs standard hydrogen electrode) is lower than that of Na + /Na (−2.71 V), helping to achieve higher voltage and energy density . Moreover, K + shows a smaller Stokes radius in ester-based electrolytes than Na + , contributing to a high rate capability .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Design from Microstructural Engineering to Binder Optimization Enabling a Practical Carbon Anode with Ultrahigh ICE and Efficient Potassium Storage

Yan

Ren

Wang

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) are emerging as a powerful alternative to lithium-ion battery systems in large-scale energy storage owing to plentiful resources. Nevertheless, pursuing high-yield anode materials with high initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and superior rate capability is still one of the most critical challenges in practical application. Herein, an integrated electrode (PC-x) derived from a petroleum coke precursor (carbon residue rate as high as 89%) is regulated from microstructural engineering to binder optimization devoting to high ICE and efficient potassium storage. Excitingly, with a strong assist from a sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) binder, the PC-900 anode displays an ultrahigh ICE of 80.5%, one of the highest values reported for PIB carbon anodes. Simultaneously, the PC-900 anode submits a high capacity (304.3 mAh g–1), superb rate (138.2 mAh g–1 at 10C), and excellent stability. Furthermore, the full cell exhibits an outstanding rate and cycling performance (210.7 mAh g–1 at 0.5C), confirming its large-scale application prospects. The ultrahigh ICE and excellent performance are mainly attributable to the beneficial microstructures (low surface area, functional group content, and larger interlayer spacing) created by microstructural engineering. Meanwhile, binder optimization also plays a crucial role in reducing the irreversible capacity and interface impedance, further improving the ICE and rate capability. Importantly, mechanism analysis confirms two-stage K+ storage behavior: reversible adsorption at edges and defects (>0.25 V) and intercalation into crystalline layers (<0.25 V). This work provides an efficient and easily scalable electrode design strategy for future practical applications of PIBs.

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High-efficiency cathode potassium compensation and interfacial stability improvement enabled by dipotassium squarate for potassium-ion batteries

Abstract: Potassium deficiency and irreversible loss of potassium at the initial cycle of potassium-ion batteries inevitably reduce their energy density and cycle life. Cathode pre-potassiation before battery assembling is an efficient...

Cited by 29 publications

References 51 publications

Chemical Prepotassiation Realizes Scalable KC₈Foil Anodes for Potassium‐Ion Pouch Cells

Chemical Prepotassiation Realizes Scalable KC₈Foil Anodes for Potassium‐Ion Pouch Cells

Advances in Fine Structure Optimizations of Layered Transition‐Metal Oxide Cathodes for Potassium‐Ion Batteries

Integrated Design from Microstructural Engineering to Binder Optimization Enabling a Practical Carbon Anode with Ultrahigh ICE and Efficient Potassium Storage

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High-efficiency cathode potassium compensation and interfacial stability improvement enabled by dipotassium squarate for potassium-ion batteries

Abstract: Potassium deficiency and irreversible loss of potassium at the initial cycle of potassium-ion batteries inevitably reduce their energy density and cycle life. Cathode pre-potassiation before battery assembling is an efficient...

Cited by 29 publications

References 51 publications

Chemical Prepotassiation Realizes Scalable KC8Foil Anodes for Potassium‐Ion Pouch Cells

Chemical Prepotassiation Realizes Scalable KC8Foil Anodes for Potassium‐Ion Pouch Cells

Advances in Fine Structure Optimizations of Layered Transition‐Metal Oxide Cathodes for Potassium‐Ion Batteries

Integrated Design from Microstructural Engineering to Binder Optimization Enabling a Practical Carbon Anode with Ultrahigh ICE and Efficient Potassium Storage

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Chemical Prepotassiation Realizes Scalable KC₈Foil Anodes for Potassium‐Ion Pouch Cells

Chemical Prepotassiation Realizes Scalable KC₈Foil Anodes for Potassium‐Ion Pouch Cells