High-efficacy antimicrobial cellulose grafted by a novel quaternarized N-halamine

Preparation of antibacterial cellulose with s‐triazine‐based quaternarized N‐halamine

“…It indicated that the quaternary ammonium salt functional groups in treated fabrics without chlorination provide some degree of antimicrobial activity. However, the antimicrobial efficacy can be greatly enhanced after transferred to N‐ halamine structure by chlorination, which showed that the coexistence of quaternary ammonium salt functional groups and N‐ halamine functional groups in the treated cotton fabrics could promote the contact between bacteria and the surface of fabrics and enhance the microbial killing …”

“…For the N‐ halamine antibacterial cotton fabrics, the stability against washing can be judged by measuring the reactive chlorine loading (Cl + %) on the fabrics. The chlorine loading in the fabrics decreased after multiple washing cycles, which can be caused by the reduction of N‐ Cl group in the N‐ halamine moieties and the departure of the whole N‐ halamine moieties from textiles. N‐ halamines in water are hydrolyzed to amine, amide, or imide and hypochlorous acid.…”

“…prepared ionic N‐ halamine polyelectrolytes, which were then deposited onto cotton fabrics with layer‐by‐layer assembly (LbL) technique, a simple and powerful method used for functional finishing . A novel quaternarized N‐ halamine with good water‐solubility was also synthesized and used to prepare antibacterial cotton fabrics with pad‐dry‐curing process . Powerful antimicrobial efficacy was obtained due to the synergistic effect existed between quaternary ammonium salt and N‐ halamine …”

Recent Advances on the Development of Antibacterial Polysaccharide-Based Materials

“…The dendrimer grafted cotton fabric showed a 99 % reduction in microbial counts against S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans. Kang et al (2012) synthesized a novel quaternized N-halamine precursor (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)-(5, 5-dimethylhydantoinyl-1-ylmethyl)-dimethylammonium chloride by a two-step reaction that was then efficiently grafted onto the surface of cellulose by a dehydrochlorination reaction. The quaternized precursor grafted on cellulose was finally converted to an N-halamine structure by a chlorination reaction with a diluted NaClO solution.…”

An eco-friendly, permanent, and non-leaching antimicrobial coating on cotton fabrics

“…New compounds with improved antimicrobial activities are being developed. Chlorinated phenols (Windler, Height, & Nowack, 2013), organic metal complexes (Kasuga, Yoshikawa, Sakai, & Nomiya, 2012;Perelshtein et al, 2013), quaternary ammonium compounds (Carpenter, Worley, Slomberg, & Schoenfisch, 2012;Gao, Chen, Ma, Lv, & Jia, 2013;Gao & Kyratzis, 2012;Gozzelino, Lisanti, & Beneventi, 2013;Kang et al, 2013;Kantouch, Khalil, Mowafi, & El-Sayed, 2012;Kim, Kim, & Rhee, 2010;McArthur, Tuckfield, & Baker-Austin, 2012;Shalev, Gopin, Bauer, Stark, & Rahimipour, 2012;Simoncic & Tomsic, 2010), photo-induced antimicrobial and decontaminating agents (Dhende, Samanta, Jones, Hardin, & Locklin, 2011), heavy metal ions (Mahltig, Soltmann, & Haase, 2013), and silver nanoparticles (Bajpai, Bajpai, Sharma, & Yallapu, 2014;Kozicki et al, 2013;Montazer, Alimohammadi, Shamei, & Rahimi, 2012;Pollini, Paladini, Licciulli, Maffezzoli, & Sannino, 2012;Zhang, Wu, & Sen, 2012) are among the most widely used surface-active antimicrobial agents. Some very good reviews are available in literature discussing pros and cons of antimicrobial agents for textile materials (Kugel, Stafslien, & Chisholm, 2011;Shahid ul, Shahid, & Mohammad, 2013;Simoncic & Tomsic, 2010).…”