High-dose melphalan followed by a second bone marrow transplantation in early relapse of acute myeloid leukemia after bone marrow transplantation in children

Treatment of children with acute myeloid leukaemia who relapsed after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation

“…Several studies have evaluated second HSCT as a feasible therapeutic option for children relapsing after initial HSCT, with survival rates of approximately 30% reported after second transplantation (Muñoz et al , ; Tempescul et al , ; Oda et al , ). Of note, a few studies have reported a 40–50% survival rate for paediatric recipients of a second HSCT, emphasizing the potential of this treatment modality in rescuing a significant number of relapsed patients (Meshinchi et al , ; Formankova et al , ).…”