High diversity of <i>Salmonella</i> serotypes found in an experiment with outdoor pigs

Jensen, Annette Nygaard; Lodal, J.; Baggesen, Dorte Lau

doi:10.1016/s1573-5214(04)80007-1

Cited by 20 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This concurs with findings showing that the ELISA method is valuable for stating the Salmonella infection risk at the herd level, whereas its capacity for detection of Salmonella in individual animals may be limited (36,40,48). The reported number of Salmonella culturepositive pigs was based on isolations of the test strain only, but within the current study there was an unexpectedly high level of detection of Salmonella types other than the test strain, e.g., Salmonella serovars Newport, Livingstone, and Typhimurium DT41 and DT107 (Table 3), which has been reported previously (29). These Salmonella strains may have contributed to the seroresponse; however, Salmonella serovars other than Typhimurium tend to give a moderate serological response in the mix-ELISA (3,40,52).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…The detection of different Salmonella serovars in both pigs and the environment, including the control paddocks (29), probably reflects the widespread occurrence of Salmonella in nature and the fact that outdoor pigs will be exposed thereto, but it is not clear how their presence influences the introduction of Salmonella in outdoor pigs. The non-test strains were detected in all paddocks except F, in which the infection rate (test strain) was high.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The test strain was identified by slide agglutination of colonies from BGA plates with polyclonal O5 antiserum and confirmation of the resistance markers by inoculation onto nutrient agar with and without rifampin or rifampin/nalidixic acid (50 mg/ml). Nonresistant Salmonella strains were identified by serotyping by agglutination using polyclonal sera (Statens Seruminstitut, SSI, Copenhagen, Denmark) according to the Kauffmann-White scheme (29,43).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The doubly resistant strain was isolated from the pig in paddock B that also tested positive for the test strain (two subsequent weeks) ( Table 3). In addition, Table 3 shows the detection of serotypes of Salmonella besides the test strain (on 23 occasions in pigs and 40 occasions in environmental samples), which has been described previously (29).…”

Section: Downloaded Frommentioning

confidence: 99%

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Survival and Transmission ofSalmonella entericaSerovar Typhimurium in an Outdoor Organic Pig Farming Environment

Jensen¹,

Dalsgaard

Stockmarr³

et al. 2006

Appl Environ Microbiol

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It was investigated how organic rearing conditions influence the Salmonella enterica infection dynamics in pigs and whether Salmonella persists in the paddock environment. Pigs inoculated with S. enterica serovar Typhimurium were grouped with Salmonella-negative tracer pigs. Bacteriological and serological testing indicated that organic pigs were susceptible to Salmonella infections, as 26 of 46 (56%) tracer pigs turned culture positive. An intermittent and mainly low-level excretion of Salmonella (<100 cells g ؊1 ) partly explains why the bacteriological prevalence appeared lower than the seroprevalence. Salmonella persisted in the paddock environment, as Salmonella was isolated from 46% of soil and water samples (n ‫؍‬ 294). After removal of pigs, Salmonella was found in soil samples for up to 5 weeks and in shelter huts during the entire test period (7 weeks). Subsequent introduction of Salmonella-negative pigs into four naturally Salmonella-contaminated paddocks caused Salmonella infections of pigs in two paddocks. In one of these paddocks, all tracer pigs (n ‫؍‬ 10) became infected, coinciding with a previous high Salmonella infection rate and high Salmonella excretion level. Our results showed that pigs reared under organic conditions were susceptible to Salmonella infections (just like conventional pigs) and that Salmonella persisting in the paddock environment could pose an infection risk. A driving force for these infections seemed to be pigs with a high Salmonella excretion level, which caused substantial contamination of the environment. This suggests that isolation of animals as soon as a Salmonella infection is indicated by clinical symptoms of diarrhea could be a means of reducing and controlling the spread and persistence of Salmonella in outdoor organic pig production environments.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Downloaded Frommentioning

confidence: 99%

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Survival and Transmission ofSalmonella entericaSerovar Typhimurium in an Outdoor Organic Pig Farming Environment

Jensen¹,

Dalsgaard

Stockmarr³

et al. 2006

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Animal welfare is supposedly promoted in both free-range and organic pig production systems. However, due to the increased exposure to parasitic and bacterial pathogens in outdoor production, diarrhoea and other diseases still represent a problem (Thamsborg and Roepstorff, 2003;Jensen et al, 2004). For example, Campylobacter jejuni, the major source of human campylobacteriosis was found in 29% of 48 organic pigs tested and the presence of this foodborne pathogen and others such as Salmonella may impair the food safety associated with pork.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of a diet with fructan-rich chicory roots on intestinal helminths and microbiota with special focus on Bifidobacteria and Campylobacter in piglets around weaning

Jensen

Mejer

Mølbak

et al. 2011

Animal

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The restrictions on the use of antibiotic and anthelmintic treatments in organic pig farming necessitate alternative non-medical control strategies. Therefore, the antibiotic and parasite-reducing effect of a fructan-rich (prebiotic) diet of dried chicory was investigated in free-ranging piglets. Approximately half of 67 piglets from nine litters were experimentally infected with Ascaris suum and Trichuris suis in the suckling period (1 to 7 weeks of age) and 58 of the piglets were challenged daily with Eschericia coli O138:F8 for 9 days after weaning to induce weaning diarrhoea. The litters were fed either chicory (30% dry matter) or a control diet. The effect of chicory on intestinal helminths, intestinal microbiota, especially Bifidobacteria and Campylobacter spp. and E. coli post-weaning diarrhoea was assessed. The weight gain of the piglets was not impaired significantly by chicory. The intestinal A. suum worm burden was reduced by 64% ( P 5 0.034) in the chicory-fed piglets, whereas these same piglets had 63% more T. suis worms ( P 5 0.016). Feeding with chicory elicited no changes among the main bacterial groups in ileum according to terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. However, the terminal-restriction fragment (T-RF) 208 bp, which may belong to Lachnospiraceae, was stimulated by the chicory feed ( P 5 0.03), and T-RF 370 bp that matches Enterobacter belonging to the Enterobacteria was reduced (P 5 0.004). In addition, chicory increased the level of Bifidobacteria ( P 5 0.001) and the faecal Campylobacter excretion level was transitorily reduced in chicory-fed piglets at 7 weeks of age ( P 5 0.029). Unfortunately, it was not possible to assess the effect of chicory on post-weaning diarrhoea as it did not develop. In conclusion, feeding piglets chicory around the time of weaning caused complex changes of the microbiota and parasite communities within the intestinal tract, and feeding piglets chicory may therefore serve as an animal-friendly strategy to control pathogens.

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Role of rodents in transmission ofSalmonellaandCampylobacter

2007

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Salmonella and Campylobacter are generally regarded as the most important food-borne pathogens in the world. Reduction or elimination of these pathogens in the first part of the food chain (on the farm) is important to prevent disease among consumers of animal products. In organic farming, elimination becomes more difficult, as food animals are allowed outdoors and have easy access to potential sources of hazardous pathogens. Whilst rodents are often associated by organic farmers with infrastructural damage and eating or spoiling of stored feed and products, their zoonotic risks are frequently underestimated. They can amplify the number of pathogens in the environment and transfer them to food animals. Thus organic farmers should be aware of the need for rodent control from a food safety perspective. Preferably, rodent control should form an integral part of a total package of hygiene measures to prevent transfer of food-borne pathogens. These should also include e.g. control of wild birds and flies and obligatory disinfection of boots/clothes and equipment for farm workers and visitors.

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High diversity of Salmonella serotypes found in an experiment with outdoor pigs

Cited by 20 publications

References 17 publications

Survival and Transmission ofSalmonella entericaSerovar Typhimurium in an Outdoor Organic Pig Farming Environment

Survival and Transmission ofSalmonella entericaSerovar Typhimurium in an Outdoor Organic Pig Farming Environment

The effect of a diet with fructan-rich chicory roots on intestinal helminths and microbiota with special focus on Bifidobacteria and Campylobacter in piglets around weaning

Role of rodents in transmission ofSalmonellaandCampylobacter

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